CHAPTER 9
... f. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates. Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following: 1. Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, relea ...
... f. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates. Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following: 1. Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, relea ...
Chapter outline
... glycolysis - The breaking down of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. Krebs cycle - A series of reactions which occurs in the mitochondria, resulting in the formation of ATP. The cycle continually regenerates oxaloacetic acid, bonding it ...
... glycolysis - The breaking down of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. Krebs cycle - A series of reactions which occurs in the mitochondria, resulting in the formation of ATP. The cycle continually regenerates oxaloacetic acid, bonding it ...
L3-RS_Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism in
... ◦ ATP is used for glycogenesis (storage form of glucose) ◦ ATP is used to create another energy storage compound called creatine phosphate ...
... ◦ ATP is used for glycogenesis (storage form of glucose) ◦ ATP is used to create another energy storage compound called creatine phosphate ...
First test material Study guide
... 2 hours later (fasting) o lower levels of insulin o increased levels of glucagon What are the two alternative routes of fatty acid oxidation? Give a brief overview of each and explain when they may come in to use. Answer: 1. Peroxisomal B-Oxidation of Fatty Acids Very-long chain fatty acids (24-26 ...
... 2 hours later (fasting) o lower levels of insulin o increased levels of glucagon What are the two alternative routes of fatty acid oxidation? Give a brief overview of each and explain when they may come in to use. Answer: 1. Peroxisomal B-Oxidation of Fatty Acids Very-long chain fatty acids (24-26 ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... Part - A Answer all questions, each in about 50 words. 1. Define racemization. 2. What are cofactors? 3. Give the role of F1 particle. 4. Define Gibb's free energy. 5. What are ketone bodies? 6. Give the energy value of one ATP molecule. 7. What is meant by β - oxidation? 8. What are porphyrins? 9. ...
... Part - A Answer all questions, each in about 50 words. 1. Define racemization. 2. What are cofactors? 3. Give the role of F1 particle. 4. Define Gibb's free energy. 5. What are ketone bodies? 6. Give the energy value of one ATP molecule. 7. What is meant by β - oxidation? 8. What are porphyrins? 9. ...
biol 3 biomolecules table activity
... exist as liquids at room temperature, eg oils. Two monosaccharides joined together form DISACCHARIDES, such as sucrose (glucose and fructose) and maltose (glucose and glucose). ...
... exist as liquids at room temperature, eg oils. Two monosaccharides joined together form DISACCHARIDES, such as sucrose (glucose and fructose) and maltose (glucose and glucose). ...
Preparation of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle Recap 1. We have
... 1. Converts to acetyl CoA (by pyruvate dehydrogenase) for use in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (leads to more ATP production) 2. Converts to oxaloacetate , which can then shuttle into the synthesize glucose (can also be done from lactate) Anaerobic conditions 3. It is converted to Lact ...
... 1. Converts to acetyl CoA (by pyruvate dehydrogenase) for use in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (leads to more ATP production) 2. Converts to oxaloacetate , which can then shuttle into the synthesize glucose (can also be done from lactate) Anaerobic conditions 3. It is converted to Lact ...
AnSc 5311 Ruminant Nutrition Microbial Fermentation of
... ATP yield seems to be 1 mole per 3 moles of lactate because the acyldehydrogenase does not seem to be linked to phosphorylation ...
... ATP yield seems to be 1 mole per 3 moles of lactate because the acyldehydrogenase does not seem to be linked to phosphorylation ...
classification of enzymes
... of aminoacyl side chains & prosthetic gps can act as acids or bases. In “specific acid or base catalysis” rate of reaction is sensitive to changes in protons , but is independent of conc of other acids or bases present in the solution or at active site. In “general acid or base catalysis” reaction r ...
... of aminoacyl side chains & prosthetic gps can act as acids or bases. In “specific acid or base catalysis” rate of reaction is sensitive to changes in protons , but is independent of conc of other acids or bases present in the solution or at active site. In “general acid or base catalysis” reaction r ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
pptx
... thioester hydrolysis releases much energy, O- of Pi can attack thioester and phosphorylate the triose making high-energy 1,3BPG. The normally unfavorable phosphorylation is coupled to hydrolysis of thioester (analogous to Hexokinase, PFK-1, except oxidation power and not ATP is used to drive reactio ...
... thioester hydrolysis releases much energy, O- of Pi can attack thioester and phosphorylate the triose making high-energy 1,3BPG. The normally unfavorable phosphorylation is coupled to hydrolysis of thioester (analogous to Hexokinase, PFK-1, except oxidation power and not ATP is used to drive reactio ...
DiagnosticTest
... structures listed are part of the human excretory system. 1. bladder 2. kidney 3. ureter 4. urethra In which order does a molecule of urea pass through these structures? ...
... structures listed are part of the human excretory system. 1. bladder 2. kidney 3. ureter 4. urethra In which order does a molecule of urea pass through these structures? ...
Name Date AP Biology – Metabolism and Enzymes Review When a
... a. no enzymes are functioning. b. free energy is decreasing. c. the forward and the backward reactions have stopped. d. ΔG = 0 e. All of the above are true. 6. An endergonic reaction could be described as one that a. proceeds spontaneously with the addition of activation energy. b. produces products ...
... a. no enzymes are functioning. b. free energy is decreasing. c. the forward and the backward reactions have stopped. d. ΔG = 0 e. All of the above are true. 6. An endergonic reaction could be described as one that a. proceeds spontaneously with the addition of activation energy. b. produces products ...
energy - Wsfcs
... Most organisms carry on aerobic respiration, which releases a great deal more energy from a glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration does. Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondrion. Steps of aerobic respiration: In the 1st step, pyruvic acid is converted to a molecule called acetyl-CoA. ...
... Most organisms carry on aerobic respiration, which releases a great deal more energy from a glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration does. Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondrion. Steps of aerobic respiration: In the 1st step, pyruvic acid is converted to a molecule called acetyl-CoA. ...
Formation of pyruvic acid (P
... the Krebs’ cycle, is the major energy production pathways in the body. *The cycle occurs in the mitochondria. 2- It is a cyclic process. 3-The cycle involves a sequence of compounds inter-related by oxidationreduction and other reactions which finally produces [CO2 and H2O]. 4- It is the final commo ...
... the Krebs’ cycle, is the major energy production pathways in the body. *The cycle occurs in the mitochondria. 2- It is a cyclic process. 3-The cycle involves a sequence of compounds inter-related by oxidationreduction and other reactions which finally produces [CO2 and H2O]. 4- It is the final commo ...
The Search for the Achilles Heel of Cancer
... the action of lactate dehydrogenase A, an enzyme that uses NADH as a cofactor to convert pyruvate to lactate. To sustain glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, known as anaerobic glycolysis, lactate is excreted from the cells as a waste product. Thus, in the absence of oxygen, the net cellular gain ...
... the action of lactate dehydrogenase A, an enzyme that uses NADH as a cofactor to convert pyruvate to lactate. To sustain glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, known as anaerobic glycolysis, lactate is excreted from the cells as a waste product. Thus, in the absence of oxygen, the net cellular gain ...
Name
... used drive proton pumps that push H+ into the lumen of the thylakoid discs making them acidic on the inside. The protons are allowed to leak back out of the thylakoid discs (run down their conc. Gradients) by passing through an ATP-synthase (ADP+Pi ATP). The electrons are re-excited by light (Photo ...
... used drive proton pumps that push H+ into the lumen of the thylakoid discs making them acidic on the inside. The protons are allowed to leak back out of the thylakoid discs (run down their conc. Gradients) by passing through an ATP-synthase (ADP+Pi ATP). The electrons are re-excited by light (Photo ...
1 Confusion from last week: Purines and Pyrimidines
... Reserves are tiny. Must be able to produce large quantities of ATP very quickly. – ATP is more like electricity than like a battery. ...
... Reserves are tiny. Must be able to produce large quantities of ATP very quickly. – ATP is more like electricity than like a battery. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑