Case Study I—Soy Sauce
... B. related to each other in that both are caused by the same third process C. unrelated to each other 3. What reactions/processes (if any) are responsible for changes described in question 2 above? Macromolecules found in koji are broken down via hydrolysis reactions, and some of the glucose generat ...
... B. related to each other in that both are caused by the same third process C. unrelated to each other 3. What reactions/processes (if any) are responsible for changes described in question 2 above? Macromolecules found in koji are broken down via hydrolysis reactions, and some of the glucose generat ...
Oxidation of Cytoplasmic Reduced NAD (NADH+H )
... reactants and products have an initial concentration of 1 mol/L (1.0M), temperature= 25 °C and the pressure= 1 atmosphere. ∆G° is used to calculate the equilibrium constant of reactions. The reactions that occur in living cells may be exergonic reactions releasing free energy or endergonic reactions ...
... reactants and products have an initial concentration of 1 mol/L (1.0M), temperature= 25 °C and the pressure= 1 atmosphere. ∆G° is used to calculate the equilibrium constant of reactions. The reactions that occur in living cells may be exergonic reactions releasing free energy or endergonic reactions ...
enzyme
... • T/F Carbon can stably bind with other carbons? • What is the monomer of a protein? • BONUS – What is dehydration synthesis? What is hydrolysis? ...
... • T/F Carbon can stably bind with other carbons? • What is the monomer of a protein? • BONUS – What is dehydration synthesis? What is hydrolysis? ...
video slide
... – Can produce ATP with or without oxygen, in aerobic or anaerobic conditions – Couples with fermentation to produce ATP ...
... – Can produce ATP with or without oxygen, in aerobic or anaerobic conditions – Couples with fermentation to produce ATP ...
sample exam 2010
... 4. Of the list of compounds below, which one cannot result in the production of urea, a nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine? a. glucose d. proteins b. amino acids e. peptides c. enzymes ...
... 4. Of the list of compounds below, which one cannot result in the production of urea, a nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine? a. glucose d. proteins b. amino acids e. peptides c. enzymes ...
Biochemistry
... 18. Which of the following is required to transport fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) ...
... 18. Which of the following is required to transport fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Illinois State University
... Degradation of Glycogen by Glycogen Phosphorylase • Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the sequential removal of glucose residues from the ends of glycogen • Stops 4 glucose residues from an a 1-6 branch point • Resulting limit dextrin is further degraded by a glycogendebranching enzyme, producing a ...
... Degradation of Glycogen by Glycogen Phosphorylase • Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the sequential removal of glucose residues from the ends of glycogen • Stops 4 glucose residues from an a 1-6 branch point • Resulting limit dextrin is further degraded by a glycogendebranching enzyme, producing a ...
cellular respiration
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
Test Review Answers - Northwest ISD Moodle
... 14. Explain how energy is released from an ATP molecule. In order to release energy, bonds must be broken between Atoms. This breaking releases energy! 15. Lipids and carbohydrates both contain energy. Which Contains more energy on a calorie for calorie basis? Lipids. They are used for long term ene ...
... 14. Explain how energy is released from an ATP molecule. In order to release energy, bonds must be broken between Atoms. This breaking releases energy! 15. Lipids and carbohydrates both contain energy. Which Contains more energy on a calorie for calorie basis? Lipids. They are used for long term ene ...
AP Midterm Study Guide
... **You must be able to recognize the structures of these compounds – study the pictures! 1. CARBOHYDRATES Used by the cells of the body - in energy-producing reactions - as structural materials Classified into 3 groups according to the number of sugar (saccharide) molecules: 1) Monsaccharide: “si ...
... **You must be able to recognize the structures of these compounds – study the pictures! 1. CARBOHYDRATES Used by the cells of the body - in energy-producing reactions - as structural materials Classified into 3 groups according to the number of sugar (saccharide) molecules: 1) Monsaccharide: “si ...
Biology
... • Respiration = series of oxidation reactions that take place in living cells resulting in the release of energy from organic respiratory substrates e.g glucose • Aerobic or anaerobic • Obligate anaerobes = only carry out anaerobic respiration because they are poisoned by the presence of oxygen ...
... • Respiration = series of oxidation reactions that take place in living cells resulting in the release of energy from organic respiratory substrates e.g glucose • Aerobic or anaerobic • Obligate anaerobes = only carry out anaerobic respiration because they are poisoned by the presence of oxygen ...
Carbohydrates , lipids, and proteins
... All organic molecules contain the element _________ Carbohydrates exist as _______, _______, & _______ The smallest carbohydrates are ___________ The subcomponents of other biochemically important organic molecules are: ...
... All organic molecules contain the element _________ Carbohydrates exist as _______, _______, & _______ The smallest carbohydrates are ___________ The subcomponents of other biochemically important organic molecules are: ...
energy
... 8. Understand enzymes and all the properties presented in class. What is the function of enzymes in the cell? 9. Define oxidation, reduction, half reactions, redox couples, electron donor, electron acceptor. 10. Describe how cells derive energy from an energy source. What are the roles of the primar ...
... 8. Understand enzymes and all the properties presented in class. What is the function of enzymes in the cell? 9. Define oxidation, reduction, half reactions, redox couples, electron donor, electron acceptor. 10. Describe how cells derive energy from an energy source. What are the roles of the primar ...
Energy Metabolism - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
... are obtained by breaking down organic substrates obtained from the environment, through catabolic pathways, so releasing chemically available energy (i.e. ATP) and/or generating metabolic intermediates used in anabolic pathways18. Although there are at least 30 different amino acids described in nat ...
... are obtained by breaking down organic substrates obtained from the environment, through catabolic pathways, so releasing chemically available energy (i.e. ATP) and/or generating metabolic intermediates used in anabolic pathways18. Although there are at least 30 different amino acids described in nat ...
Name 1 Bio 451 17th November 2000 EXAM III KEY
... A. Noji et al (1997) performed an elegant experiment that allowed the direct observation of the rotation of the ((gamma) subunit of F1-ATPase relative to " 3$3. [A b/w figure illustrating the experimental setup was included in Handout 12 and one of the links provided in the announcement of this ques ...
... A. Noji et al (1997) performed an elegant experiment that allowed the direct observation of the rotation of the ((gamma) subunit of F1-ATPase relative to " 3$3. [A b/w figure illustrating the experimental setup was included in Handout 12 and one of the links provided in the announcement of this ques ...
Ch t 19 apter 19 The Citric Acid Cycle
... molecules, such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids • Small molecules are processed further, and the end products of catabolism frequently enter the citric acid cycle, which plays a key role in metabolism ...
... molecules, such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids • Small molecules are processed further, and the end products of catabolism frequently enter the citric acid cycle, which plays a key role in metabolism ...
THINK-PAIR
... • Where exactly are ATP and NADPH used in photosynthesis? • How exactly is the energy of sunlight used as a source of energy during photosynthesis? • Where exactly is NADPH produced during photosynthesis? • Explain the process of the light reaction. ...
... • Where exactly are ATP and NADPH used in photosynthesis? • How exactly is the energy of sunlight used as a source of energy during photosynthesis? • Where exactly is NADPH produced during photosynthesis? • Explain the process of the light reaction. ...
Organic Compounds - tanyabshank
... Most of the chemical reactions in your body, if left to themselves, would not happen quickly enough for you to survive. CATALYST (Enzyme)- something that speeds up a chemical reaction. ...
... Most of the chemical reactions in your body, if left to themselves, would not happen quickly enough for you to survive. CATALYST (Enzyme)- something that speeds up a chemical reaction. ...
2 H + 1 / 2 O 2
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Whoops! Wrong Calvin…
... PGAL end product of Calvin cycle energy rich sugar 3 carbon compound “C3 photosynthesis” ...
... PGAL end product of Calvin cycle energy rich sugar 3 carbon compound “C3 photosynthesis” ...
39 Carbohydrates.p65
... and in fungal cells and can be broken down to release glucose. The structure of glycogen allows faster hydrolysis than starch which is important as animals may need emergency glucose faster than plants. ...
... and in fungal cells and can be broken down to release glucose. The structure of glycogen allows faster hydrolysis than starch which is important as animals may need emergency glucose faster than plants. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑