Biochemistry The Citric Acid Cycle Chapter 17:
... • Lipoamide swings to pyruvate dehydrogenase to accept acetyl group • Swings to transacetylase to transfer it to CoA-SH • Swings to dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase to regenerate ...
... • Lipoamide swings to pyruvate dehydrogenase to accept acetyl group • Swings to transacetylase to transfer it to CoA-SH • Swings to dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase to regenerate ...
PRACTICE SET 6 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... PEP), two carbons are lost as CO2 in the two decarboxylating steps of the TCA cycle. Two carbons enter with acetyl CoA, but two carbons are lost in the conversion to malate. Therefore, if this malate is to be used to make glucose, something must be converted to OAA to continue the utilization of ace ...
... PEP), two carbons are lost as CO2 in the two decarboxylating steps of the TCA cycle. Two carbons enter with acetyl CoA, but two carbons are lost in the conversion to malate. Therefore, if this malate is to be used to make glucose, something must be converted to OAA to continue the utilization of ace ...
oxygen + - may-gado
... RESPIRATION is the process which releases energy from food. This is NOT the same as breathing. We can now write out the full equation for RESPIRATION. ...
... RESPIRATION is the process which releases energy from food. This is NOT the same as breathing. We can now write out the full equation for RESPIRATION. ...
Chapter 8b
... 2. To compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic processes in the muscle cell. 3. To examine the differences in ATP synthesis among different types of muscle cells ...
... 2. To compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic processes in the muscle cell. 3. To examine the differences in ATP synthesis among different types of muscle cells ...
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480
... curriculum is the ubiquitous (in vivo) nucleophilic substitution at P=O that is usually not covered but is analogous to the same type of reaction at C=O (via a pentahedral rather than tetrahedral intermediate) requiring incoming nucleophiles and leaving groups usually phosphates or thioethers). ...
... curriculum is the ubiquitous (in vivo) nucleophilic substitution at P=O that is usually not covered but is analogous to the same type of reaction at C=O (via a pentahedral rather than tetrahedral intermediate) requiring incoming nucleophiles and leaving groups usually phosphates or thioethers). ...
Power point presentation
... Proteins are large molecules that may consist of hundreds, or even thousands of amino acids. Proteins are important in cell structure, and as enzymes, (which we all know speed up reactions and lower activation energies in the body) Many antibodies, which fight infection, are protein molecules th ...
... Proteins are large molecules that may consist of hundreds, or even thousands of amino acids. Proteins are important in cell structure, and as enzymes, (which we all know speed up reactions and lower activation energies in the body) Many antibodies, which fight infection, are protein molecules th ...
L02_IntroMetab
... • ATP is not THE most energy-containing molecule in metabolism – Something has to MAKE it, of course! – ATP is intermediate in energy content – perfect for its role as ‘mediator’ between the arms of anabolism and catabolism ...
... • ATP is not THE most energy-containing molecule in metabolism – Something has to MAKE it, of course! – ATP is intermediate in energy content – perfect for its role as ‘mediator’ between the arms of anabolism and catabolism ...
video slide - Ethical Culture Fieldston School
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
Background Terminology Chemistry- word document
... foods to do work. Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids can all be used by cells for energy; that is, cells can break the bonds in those molecules and use the energy released. Cells do not use that released energy directly. Instead, they carefully move the energy stored in "food" bonds to energy sto ...
... foods to do work. Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids can all be used by cells for energy; that is, cells can break the bonds in those molecules and use the energy released. Cells do not use that released energy directly. Instead, they carefully move the energy stored in "food" bonds to energy sto ...
AP Midterm Review 09-10
... E) an area where two closely related species' ranges overlap. 37) The most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the cichlids of Lake Victoria in the past is A) sexual selection. B) introduction of a new predator. C) pollution. D) habitat differen ...
... E) an area where two closely related species' ranges overlap. 37) The most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the cichlids of Lake Victoria in the past is A) sexual selection. B) introduction of a new predator. C) pollution. D) habitat differen ...
Anaerobic-and-Aerobic
... Another advantage of anaerobic respiration is its speed. It produces ATP very quickly. For example, it lets your muscles get the energy they need for short bursts of intense activity (see Figure below). Aerobic respiration, on the other hand, produces ATP more slowly. ...
... Another advantage of anaerobic respiration is its speed. It produces ATP very quickly. For example, it lets your muscles get the energy they need for short bursts of intense activity (see Figure below). Aerobic respiration, on the other hand, produces ATP more slowly. ...
Handout 4 - Fatty Acid Synthesis
... B. Acetate. Acetate is converted to AcCoA in the cytoplasm. C. Lactate. Follows the same pathway as glucose; enters the pathway at pyruvate. ...
... B. Acetate. Acetate is converted to AcCoA in the cytoplasm. C. Lactate. Follows the same pathway as glucose; enters the pathway at pyruvate. ...
Section 1 Workbook Unit 1 ANSWERS File
... that the functions are all involved in Protein Synthesis (building proteins) ...
... that the functions are all involved in Protein Synthesis (building proteins) ...
What limits the liver`s capacity to convert amino acids to glucose?
... the sense used here means the hydrolysis of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) to either AMP + PPi or ADP + Pi. Four ATP molecules are used to convert two NH 4+ to urea and six more are required to convert the carbon skeletons of these amino acids to glucose. One ATP is also required to add a glucosyl grou ...
... the sense used here means the hydrolysis of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) to either AMP + PPi or ADP + Pi. Four ATP molecules are used to convert two NH 4+ to urea and six more are required to convert the carbon skeletons of these amino acids to glucose. One ATP is also required to add a glucosyl grou ...
031607
... – High specificity and efficiency relative to inorganic catalysts, for example – Participate in reactions, but no net change – Lower the activation energy – Do not change equilibrium (get there faster) ...
... – High specificity and efficiency relative to inorganic catalysts, for example – Participate in reactions, but no net change – Lower the activation energy – Do not change equilibrium (get there faster) ...
MOLECULES OF LIFE
... 1. An organic compound is a compound containing carbon atoms covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other elements. Examples: any carbon-containing compound, such as benzene, ethanol, glycerol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, ATP, and ADP. 2. A functional group is a cluster of atoms in a compoun ...
... 1. An organic compound is a compound containing carbon atoms covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other elements. Examples: any carbon-containing compound, such as benzene, ethanol, glycerol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, ATP, and ADP. 2. A functional group is a cluster of atoms in a compoun ...
Nutrition Support
... Wound healing and tissue repair Collagen synthesis, wound healing Metabolism, carbohydrate utilization Essential for protein synthesis Wound healing, immune function, protein synthesis Antioxidant Required for synthesis and replacement of red blood cells ...
... Wound healing and tissue repair Collagen synthesis, wound healing Metabolism, carbohydrate utilization Essential for protein synthesis Wound healing, immune function, protein synthesis Antioxidant Required for synthesis and replacement of red blood cells ...
PPT
... 2. Respiration – electron transport chains (still heterotrophs but much more efficient). Really clever, but complicated. Each complex in the respiratory chain involves many proteins. No RNAs known to do this. probably this comes after RNA world but before LUCA Now we can efficiently generate ene ...
... 2. Respiration – electron transport chains (still heterotrophs but much more efficient). Really clever, but complicated. Each complex in the respiratory chain involves many proteins. No RNAs known to do this. probably this comes after RNA world but before LUCA Now we can efficiently generate ene ...
Kreb Cycle
... 1. Description of how pyruvic acid is converted to Acetyl CoA (byproducts generated, necessary enzymes for conversion). (10 points) 2. Description of each intermediate step of the Krebs Cycle. Be sure to name each of the intermediate products and the number of carbons in each. Where do these carbons ...
... 1. Description of how pyruvic acid is converted to Acetyl CoA (byproducts generated, necessary enzymes for conversion). (10 points) 2. Description of each intermediate step of the Krebs Cycle. Be sure to name each of the intermediate products and the number of carbons in each. Where do these carbons ...
Energy - jpinks
... substrate attaches to in order for the reaction to occur. The substrate & active site must fit together like puzzle pieces. Because of this, an enzyme can only work on one specific type of substrate (Hundreds of different types of enzymes are needed) ...
... substrate attaches to in order for the reaction to occur. The substrate & active site must fit together like puzzle pieces. Because of this, an enzyme can only work on one specific type of substrate (Hundreds of different types of enzymes are needed) ...
Organic Chemistry/Biochemistry 1: Compounds Important to Life
... Formed from the linkage of amino acids (monomers) in condensation reactions. The covalent bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond. There are 20 amino acids, and they share a common structure. Each amino acid contains a central carbon atom to which four other groups bond. hydrogen a ...
... Formed from the linkage of amino acids (monomers) in condensation reactions. The covalent bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond. There are 20 amino acids, and they share a common structure. Each amino acid contains a central carbon atom to which four other groups bond. hydrogen a ...
Popeye knew what he was doing!
... Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration – Overview • There are four main stages in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matr ...
... Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration – Overview • There are four main stages in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matr ...
The Calvin Cycle
... – ATP is used to attach an additional PO4 group to 3-phosphoglycerate – product is now 1,3-biphosphoglycerate – NADPH donates 2 e- to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to reduce it to form glyceride-3-phosphate (G3P) – G3P is the same molecule produced in the 1st stage of gylcolysis ...
... – ATP is used to attach an additional PO4 group to 3-phosphoglycerate – product is now 1,3-biphosphoglycerate – NADPH donates 2 e- to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to reduce it to form glyceride-3-phosphate (G3P) – G3P is the same molecule produced in the 1st stage of gylcolysis ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑