U2.8P1 Respiration
... RESPIRATION is the process which releases energy from food. This is NOT the same as breathing. We can now write out the full equation for RESPIRATION. ...
... RESPIRATION is the process which releases energy from food. This is NOT the same as breathing. We can now write out the full equation for RESPIRATION. ...
Midterm Study Guide (No Evol) Foley
... It is imperative that you take this part of your comprehensive final seriously. If you do poorly NOW, you can only gain at most another 90pts (the rest of the final in June) towards whatever the score might be that you need in June to keep your A,B,C,D for the year. For Example: If the whole year fi ...
... It is imperative that you take this part of your comprehensive final seriously. If you do poorly NOW, you can only gain at most another 90pts (the rest of the final in June) towards whatever the score might be that you need in June to keep your A,B,C,D for the year. For Example: If the whole year fi ...
C454_lect1 - University of Wisconsin
... ATP Hydrolysis Problem: Under standard conditions, the free energy for the hydrolysis of L-glycerol phosphate to form glycerol and inorganic phosphate is -2.2 kcal/mol. Calculate the factor by which the equilibrium ratio for the concentration of Lglycerol phosphate to glycerol is increased when ATP ...
... ATP Hydrolysis Problem: Under standard conditions, the free energy for the hydrolysis of L-glycerol phosphate to form glycerol and inorganic phosphate is -2.2 kcal/mol. Calculate the factor by which the equilibrium ratio for the concentration of Lglycerol phosphate to glycerol is increased when ATP ...
HEMOGLOBIN
... Creatine kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme which catalyses reactions responsible for formation of ATP in tissues. Ph8.9 ATP + creatine ADP + creatine phosphate pH6.8 The enzyme is activated by Mg+2 When muscle contraction occurs, ATP is hydrolysed to ADP to produce energy for contraction process ...
... Creatine kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme which catalyses reactions responsible for formation of ATP in tissues. Ph8.9 ATP + creatine ADP + creatine phosphate pH6.8 The enzyme is activated by Mg+2 When muscle contraction occurs, ATP is hydrolysed to ADP to produce energy for contraction process ...
Macromolecule Expert Sheets
... 2. How does the number of H atoms in a carbohydrate compare to the number of oxygen atoms? There are twice as many hydrogens as oxygens. 3. What is the simplest type of carbohydrate? Monosaccharides 4. Name two common monosaccharides and give the molecular formula for each. Glucose and fructose both ...
... 2. How does the number of H atoms in a carbohydrate compare to the number of oxygen atoms? There are twice as many hydrogens as oxygens. 3. What is the simplest type of carbohydrate? Monosaccharides 4. Name two common monosaccharides and give the molecular formula for each. Glucose and fructose both ...
Fermentation EnBio
... the electron transport chain. Some living systems use an organic molecule as the nal electron acceptor. Processes that use an organic molecule to regenerate NAD+ from NADH are collectively referred to as fermentation. In contrast, some living systems use an inorganic molecule as a nal electron acc ...
... the electron transport chain. Some living systems use an organic molecule as the nal electron acceptor. Processes that use an organic molecule to regenerate NAD+ from NADH are collectively referred to as fermentation. In contrast, some living systems use an inorganic molecule as a nal electron acc ...
doc Final Exam 2002
... c) lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids d) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (triglycerides) of lipoproteins in the bloodstream and release of fatty acids to various tissues e) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols that are stored in adipose tissue and release of their fatty acids into the blood ...
... c) lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids d) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (triglycerides) of lipoproteins in the bloodstream and release of fatty acids to various tissues e) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols that are stored in adipose tissue and release of their fatty acids into the blood ...
Biochemistry of Cells
... Breaking Down Polymers Cells break down macromolecules by a process called hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water) Macromolecules in Organisms There are four categories of large molecules in cells: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates include: Small sugar molecules in soft drink ...
... Breaking Down Polymers Cells break down macromolecules by a process called hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water) Macromolecules in Organisms There are four categories of large molecules in cells: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates include: Small sugar molecules in soft drink ...
BIOL 103 Ch5-2 for Students
... High Blood Glucose: Diabetes Mellitus • What is diabetes? Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism – Normally: • Eat food with glucose ________________________________ • If too much blood glucose pancreas releases ___________ _______________________________ ...
... High Blood Glucose: Diabetes Mellitus • What is diabetes? Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism – Normally: • Eat food with glucose ________________________________ • If too much blood glucose pancreas releases ___________ _______________________________ ...
Bio-Macromolecules Worksheet
... Carbohydrates are sugars, starches, and glycogen which are used for short and long term energy storage in cells and structural molecules in cell walls and exoskeletons. Carbohydrates are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). They are found in bread, potatoes, pasta, and fruits. Carbohydra ...
... Carbohydrates are sugars, starches, and glycogen which are used for short and long term energy storage in cells and structural molecules in cell walls and exoskeletons. Carbohydrates are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). They are found in bread, potatoes, pasta, and fruits. Carbohydra ...
Food - cbbiology
... Two monosaccharides joined together i.e. maltose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose) Soluble and sweet 3. Polysaccharides: Many monosaccharides joined together Starch is a storage polysaccharide found in plants Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants Glycogen is ...
... Two monosaccharides joined together i.e. maltose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose) Soluble and sweet 3. Polysaccharides: Many monosaccharides joined together Starch is a storage polysaccharide found in plants Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants Glycogen is ...
Overview of ATP Production
... chemical reactions; almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on energy supplied by ATP. ATP Production - Dion ...
... chemical reactions; almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on energy supplied by ATP. ATP Production - Dion ...
Intro to Biology Vocab only
... All the chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes ...
... All the chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes ...
Metabolism
... Most of the foods and drinks people ingest are complex materials that the body must break down into simpler substances. This process may involve several steps. The simpler substances are then used as building blocks, which are assembled into the materials the body needs to sustain life. The process ...
... Most of the foods and drinks people ingest are complex materials that the body must break down into simpler substances. This process may involve several steps. The simpler substances are then used as building blocks, which are assembled into the materials the body needs to sustain life. The process ...
ch24a_wcr
... • Fate of lactic acid: – Some leaves cell and goes to liver • May be converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) • G6P stored as glycogen or de-phosphorylated to make glucose ...
... • Fate of lactic acid: – Some leaves cell and goes to liver • May be converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) • G6P stored as glycogen or de-phosphorylated to make glucose ...
Substrate and oxidative phosphorylation
... direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from a reactive intermediate. While technically the transfer is PO3, or a phosphoryl group, convention in biological sciences is to refer to this as the transfer of a phosphate group. In cells, it occurs primaril ...
... direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from a reactive intermediate. While technically the transfer is PO3, or a phosphoryl group, convention in biological sciences is to refer to this as the transfer of a phosphate group. In cells, it occurs primaril ...
Proliferation Metabolic Pathway Alterations that Support Cell
... Cell Proliferation Has Metabolic Needs other than ATP Efforts to understand metabolic changes that accompany proliferation have been confounded by attempts to reconcile the relative inefficiency of aerobic glycolysis for ATP production. When coupled to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the co ...
... Cell Proliferation Has Metabolic Needs other than ATP Efforts to understand metabolic changes that accompany proliferation have been confounded by attempts to reconcile the relative inefficiency of aerobic glycolysis for ATP production. When coupled to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the co ...
Macromolecules - Uplift Education
... 2. Name 3 examples of lipids in the body. 3. Why would we store excess energy as Fat, rather than carbohydrates? ...
... 2. Name 3 examples of lipids in the body. 3. Why would we store excess energy as Fat, rather than carbohydrates? ...
PPT - gserianne.com
... Vitamins are essential organic substances that human cells cannot synthesize, i.e., they must come from the diet - required in very small amounts - examples - B vitamins: Thiamine (B1), niacin The protein parts of enzymes that need a nonprotein part (coenzymes, cofactors) to work are called apoenzym ...
... Vitamins are essential organic substances that human cells cannot synthesize, i.e., they must come from the diet - required in very small amounts - examples - B vitamins: Thiamine (B1), niacin The protein parts of enzymes that need a nonprotein part (coenzymes, cofactors) to work are called apoenzym ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... • (i) a slow passage of fatty acids across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) • (ii) a low enzymatic capacity for the fatty acid degradation • (iii) side effects of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondrial ATP synthesis ...
... • (i) a slow passage of fatty acids across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) • (ii) a low enzymatic capacity for the fatty acid degradation • (iii) side effects of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondrial ATP synthesis ...
2 H
... and metabolism (Oxidation or fermentation) – Contains simple carbon sources: • Peptone (protein amino acids) • Desired sugar added ...
... and metabolism (Oxidation or fermentation) – Contains simple carbon sources: • Peptone (protein amino acids) • Desired sugar added ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑