Definitions
... blood are chemicals such as sugars and starches that give energy to living things. They contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). [Formula Cx (H2O) y]. Symbol (C). It's an element that is found in all living things. a chemical reaction where larger substances are broken down into smaller mol ...
... blood are chemicals such as sugars and starches that give energy to living things. They contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). [Formula Cx (H2O) y]. Symbol (C). It's an element that is found in all living things. a chemical reaction where larger substances are broken down into smaller mol ...
Biochem Review
... A. a positive test for proteins B. a positive test for starches C. a negative test for proteins D. a negative test for starches. The chart describes four classes of compounds. Which class of compounds includes the compound represented in the diagram below? ...
... A. a positive test for proteins B. a positive test for starches C. a negative test for proteins D. a negative test for starches. The chart describes four classes of compounds. Which class of compounds includes the compound represented in the diagram below? ...
EXAM 2 Lecture 15 1. What are cofactors? A: They are small organic
... A: They are small organic molecules or ions that work in concert with an enzyme to catalyze biochemical reactions. They provide special chemical reactivity or structural properties that can drive these special reactions. 2. What are the two subdivisions of cofactors? A: Essential ions and coenzymes ...
... A: They are small organic molecules or ions that work in concert with an enzyme to catalyze biochemical reactions. They provide special chemical reactivity or structural properties that can drive these special reactions. 2. What are the two subdivisions of cofactors? A: Essential ions and coenzymes ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM OBJECTIVES: 1. Compare
... Please note that metabolism (catabolic & anabolic) occurs through the recycling of energy and phosphate molecules supplied by ATP. ...
... Please note that metabolism (catabolic & anabolic) occurs through the recycling of energy and phosphate molecules supplied by ATP. ...
2_Digestion of CHO_Students
... concentration gradient) and at the same time causes the carrier to transport glucose against its concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentrations) allowing for greater accumulation of glucose on one side of the membrane than on the other. ...
... concentration gradient) and at the same time causes the carrier to transport glucose against its concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentrations) allowing for greater accumulation of glucose on one side of the membrane than on the other. ...
The metabolic advantage of tumor cells Open Access Maurice Israël
... apoptosome-caspase proteolytic structure does not assemble in the cytoplasm. The liver hexokinase or glucokinase, is different it has less interaction with the site, has a lower affinity for glucose; because of this difference, glucose goes preferentially to the brain. Further, phosphofructokinase g ...
... apoptosome-caspase proteolytic structure does not assemble in the cytoplasm. The liver hexokinase or glucokinase, is different it has less interaction with the site, has a lower affinity for glucose; because of this difference, glucose goes preferentially to the brain. Further, phosphofructokinase g ...
Are You suprised ?
... 21. In plant and animal cells, ________________________________ is the site where the most of the cells ATP is generated. 22. _____________________________________ is widely claimed to be the most abundant protein on earth. 23. For every three molecules of CO2 that enter the carbon fixation cycle, o ...
... 21. In plant and animal cells, ________________________________ is the site where the most of the cells ATP is generated. 22. _____________________________________ is widely claimed to be the most abundant protein on earth. 23. For every three molecules of CO2 that enter the carbon fixation cycle, o ...
Organic Molecules
... • Carbohydrates are loosely defined as molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. – monosaccharides - simple sugars – disaccharides - two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond – polysaccharides – made of many monosaccharide subunits ...
... • Carbohydrates are loosely defined as molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. – monosaccharides - simple sugars – disaccharides - two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond – polysaccharides – made of many monosaccharide subunits ...
9. AH Cell Enzymes - charlestonbiology
... Molecular interactions in cells Many Metabolic pathways (biochemical pathways) Complex often series of enzyme controlled reactions Energy transformed Molecules degraded and synthesised ...
... Molecular interactions in cells Many Metabolic pathways (biochemical pathways) Complex often series of enzyme controlled reactions Energy transformed Molecules degraded and synthesised ...
Lecture 16- Dr. Kumar
... B. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase in the cytosol C. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate form citrate that leaves the ...
... B. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase in the cytosol C. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate form citrate that leaves the ...
Organic Compound Notes
... Step 3 _________________________ ____________________________ Miller & Urey’s experiment provides support for the idea that conditions on lifeless, ‘primordial’ ____________________________ Earth could have ________allowed the spontaneous formation of more complex (organic) molecules. ...
... Step 3 _________________________ ____________________________ Miller & Urey’s experiment provides support for the idea that conditions on lifeless, ‘primordial’ ____________________________ Earth could have ________allowed the spontaneous formation of more complex (organic) molecules. ...
unit 2 - Biochem packet_hnrs
... Step 3 _________________________ ____________________________ Miller & Urey’s experiment provides support for the idea that conditions on lifeless, ‘primordial’ ____________________________ Earth could have ________allowed the spontaneous formation of more complex (organic) molecules. ...
... Step 3 _________________________ ____________________________ Miller & Urey’s experiment provides support for the idea that conditions on lifeless, ‘primordial’ ____________________________ Earth could have ________allowed the spontaneous formation of more complex (organic) molecules. ...
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480
... Living organisms are remarkably similar at the molecular level** despite the observed biological diversity. In nature, there exists a biochemical unity of diverse living organisms in that there is a wide r ...
... Living organisms are remarkably similar at the molecular level** despite the observed biological diversity. In nature, there exists a biochemical unity of diverse living organisms in that there is a wide r ...
energy, cellular respiration
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
energy, cellular respiration
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
chap18 oxidative phosphorylation
... Oxidative pphosphorylation produces 30 of the 32 molecules of ATP that are formed when glucose is oxidized to CO2 and H2O. The process is conceptually easy but mechanistically very difficult. The electron flow from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen through protein complexes leads to pumping of protons outsid ...
... Oxidative pphosphorylation produces 30 of the 32 molecules of ATP that are formed when glucose is oxidized to CO2 and H2O. The process is conceptually easy but mechanistically very difficult. The electron flow from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen through protein complexes leads to pumping of protons outsid ...
Lecture 4
... 6. Underlying mechanisms: Glycosylation of proteins (Fig. 9-5 (Metab)) ----- membrane dysfunction Polyol formation (lens accumulation of sorbitol) 7. Glycosylated hemoglobin -----> key marker for plasma glucose stability Fig. 9-6 (Metab) ...
... 6. Underlying mechanisms: Glycosylation of proteins (Fig. 9-5 (Metab)) ----- membrane dysfunction Polyol formation (lens accumulation of sorbitol) 7. Glycosylated hemoglobin -----> key marker for plasma glucose stability Fig. 9-6 (Metab) ...
File
... • Steps 3–4: Oxidative decarboxylations to give 2 NADH • Step 5: Substrate-level phosphorylation to give GTP • Step 6: Dehydrogenation to give reduced FADH2 • Step 7: Hydration • Step 8: Dehydrogenation to give NADH ...
... • Steps 3–4: Oxidative decarboxylations to give 2 NADH • Step 5: Substrate-level phosphorylation to give GTP • Step 6: Dehydrogenation to give reduced FADH2 • Step 7: Hydration • Step 8: Dehydrogenation to give NADH ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... * Nitrogen fixation: reduction of N2, carried out by some bacteria (none in higher organism) - Rhizobium: Diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) microorganisms. ...
... * Nitrogen fixation: reduction of N2, carried out by some bacteria (none in higher organism) - Rhizobium: Diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) microorganisms. ...
C - 鄭智美的Homepage
... – Can produce ATP with or without oxygen, in aerobic or anaerobic conditions – Couples with fermentation to produce ATP ...
... – Can produce ATP with or without oxygen, in aerobic or anaerobic conditions – Couples with fermentation to produce ATP ...
A and P Practice Exam 01 (pdf 86.08kb)
... b. Endocytosis c. Exocytosis d. Bulk flow 49. Which of the following is not a form of passive transport? a. Osmosis b. Passive transport c. Bulk flow d. Exocytosis 50. O2, CO2, H2O, and other small, electrically neutral molecules move across the cell membrane by________. a. Electric gradients b. Rec ...
... b. Endocytosis c. Exocytosis d. Bulk flow 49. Which of the following is not a form of passive transport? a. Osmosis b. Passive transport c. Bulk flow d. Exocytosis 50. O2, CO2, H2O, and other small, electrically neutral molecules move across the cell membrane by________. a. Electric gradients b. Rec ...
Response to Review of ANS 495 595
... University. This is what was meant by “physiological chemistry is a subject that is not taught at OSU.” This statement was made within the context of a course proposal as opposed to a summary of subject matter found within and among courses taught at OSU. The reader need only look at chapter titles ...
... University. This is what was meant by “physiological chemistry is a subject that is not taught at OSU.” This statement was made within the context of a course proposal as opposed to a summary of subject matter found within and among courses taught at OSU. The reader need only look at chapter titles ...
Cellular Respiration
... cost of food item or game). Not long after you arrive you realize that no vendor has change for a 100$ bill.You have 2 choices: 1. Use a 100$ bill for each purchase, over paying for everything and run out of money fast or 2. do not buy anything. Neither choice is reasonable. ...
... cost of food item or game). Not long after you arrive you realize that no vendor has change for a 100$ bill.You have 2 choices: 1. Use a 100$ bill for each purchase, over paying for everything and run out of money fast or 2. do not buy anything. Neither choice is reasonable. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑