Ch 9 Cell Respiration HW Packet
... 2. The Calorie used on food labels is equal to 3. A Calorie is also referred to as a ...
... 2. The Calorie used on food labels is equal to 3. A Calorie is also referred to as a ...
Sample exam 2
... 25. The biosynthesis of Tyrosine depends upon the hydroxylation of phenylalanine by the enzyme phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PAH) (show below). a. What disease results from the lack of PAH? b. Show the reaction that will occur when phenylalanine cannot be converted to ...
... 25. The biosynthesis of Tyrosine depends upon the hydroxylation of phenylalanine by the enzyme phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PAH) (show below). a. What disease results from the lack of PAH? b. Show the reaction that will occur when phenylalanine cannot be converted to ...
Full Text
... studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, cancer cells can switch back to mitochondrial respiration and that cancer cells with normal mitochondrial function grow faster than those without [5]. In this way, aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is not likely to be due to irreversible damage ...
... studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, cancer cells can switch back to mitochondrial respiration and that cancer cells with normal mitochondrial function grow faster than those without [5]. In this way, aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is not likely to be due to irreversible damage ...
food nutrients - Queensland Science Teachers
... Examples are sugars, starches (pasta, potatoes, flour) and cellulose (fibre) Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms as 2H : 1O An immediate source of energy for the body In the process of respiration, glucose sugar and oxygen give energy and wast ...
... Examples are sugars, starches (pasta, potatoes, flour) and cellulose (fibre) Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms as 2H : 1O An immediate source of energy for the body In the process of respiration, glucose sugar and oxygen give energy and wast ...
File
... – Chain A with 21 amino acids – Chain B with 30 amino acids – Two disulfide bridges covalently connect the chains ...
... – Chain A with 21 amino acids – Chain B with 30 amino acids – Two disulfide bridges covalently connect the chains ...
Datasheet Blank Template - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
... The hexokinases utilize Mg-ATP as a phosphoryl donor to catalyze the first step of intracellular glucose metabolism, the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Four hexokinase isoenzymes have been identified, including hexokinase I (HXK I), hexokinase II (HXK II), hexokinase III (HXK III) and ...
... The hexokinases utilize Mg-ATP as a phosphoryl donor to catalyze the first step of intracellular glucose metabolism, the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Four hexokinase isoenzymes have been identified, including hexokinase I (HXK I), hexokinase II (HXK II), hexokinase III (HXK III) and ...
The Chemistry of Life
... (see Figure 1-4). Key monomers include glucose (also known as blood sugar), fructose, and galactose. These three have the same numbers of carbon (6), hydrogen (12), and oxygen (6) atoms in each molecule — formally written as C6H12O6 — but the bonding arrangements are different. Molecules with this k ...
... (see Figure 1-4). Key monomers include glucose (also known as blood sugar), fructose, and galactose. These three have the same numbers of carbon (6), hydrogen (12), and oxygen (6) atoms in each molecule — formally written as C6H12O6 — but the bonding arrangements are different. Molecules with this k ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 4 “Sugars and Fats”
... Fats are large molecules made from two types of building blocks, glycerol (a polyalchohol) and fatty acids (long hydrocarbon chains of 16-18 C with a single carboxylic acid group at one end). They are not polymers. Fig. 5.10 shows the structure of a fat, also known as a triacylglycerol. Fats are syn ...
... Fats are large molecules made from two types of building blocks, glycerol (a polyalchohol) and fatty acids (long hydrocarbon chains of 16-18 C with a single carboxylic acid group at one end). They are not polymers. Fig. 5.10 shows the structure of a fat, also known as a triacylglycerol. Fats are syn ...
File
... Two monosaccharide sugar molecules can join chemically to form a larger carbohydrate molecule called a double sugar, or disaccharide. The prefix “di” means two. By chemically joining a glucose molecule with a fructose molecule, a double sugar called sucrose is produced. Use the paper models given to ...
... Two monosaccharide sugar molecules can join chemically to form a larger carbohydrate molecule called a double sugar, or disaccharide. The prefix “di” means two. By chemically joining a glucose molecule with a fructose molecule, a double sugar called sucrose is produced. Use the paper models given to ...
video slide - Biology at Mott
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Chapter 8: Energy generation:glycolysis
... The glycolysis pathway can be divided into two phases, the first phase comprising steps 1–5 and culminating in synthesis of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and the second phase made up of steps 6–10, when glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is metabolized into pyruvate. The first phase does not generate ATP. In ...
... The glycolysis pathway can be divided into two phases, the first phase comprising steps 1–5 and culminating in synthesis of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and the second phase made up of steps 6–10, when glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is metabolized into pyruvate. The first phase does not generate ATP. In ...
Bacterial Fermentation
... Acetaldehyde is then reduced to ethanol with NADH2, generated in the course of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, as reductant. The ATP yield is 2 mol per mol substrate, compared to 38 mol ATP per mol glucose under aerobic conditions. Therefore, it is clear that the preferred mod ...
... Acetaldehyde is then reduced to ethanol with NADH2, generated in the course of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, as reductant. The ATP yield is 2 mol per mol substrate, compared to 38 mol ATP per mol glucose under aerobic conditions. Therefore, it is clear that the preferred mod ...
Energy represents the capacity to do work. Cells must
... passing through the transport survive…chain. + diffuses •H through back thebreath We take in about 2 xATP 1020synthase molecules of Ointo 2 per matrix (chemiosmosis) creating ATP (phosphorilation) ...
... passing through the transport survive…chain. + diffuses •H through back thebreath We take in about 2 xATP 1020synthase molecules of Ointo 2 per matrix (chemiosmosis) creating ATP (phosphorilation) ...
ch3a FA11 - Cal State LA
... What is ΔG°’ of: PEP + ADP --> pyruvate + ATP ΔG°’= -7.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------What is ΔG°’ of: G6-P + ADP --> glucose + ATP What is ΔG°’ of: P-creatine + ADP --> creatine + ATP What is ΔG°’ of: C(s, diamond) --> C(s, graphite) ...
... What is ΔG°’ of: PEP + ADP --> pyruvate + ATP ΔG°’= -7.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------What is ΔG°’ of: G6-P + ADP --> glucose + ATP What is ΔG°’ of: P-creatine + ADP --> creatine + ATP What is ΔG°’ of: C(s, diamond) --> C(s, graphite) ...
Seminar compendium 2016/2017
... Proteins are the most versatile biomolecules with a particularly prominent role as enzymes. Describe the bonds maintaining structural integrity of proteins. Use different amino acid side-chains as examples! Many hormones such as glucagon and adrenalin (epinephrine) bind to membrane protein receptors ...
... Proteins are the most versatile biomolecules with a particularly prominent role as enzymes. Describe the bonds maintaining structural integrity of proteins. Use different amino acid side-chains as examples! Many hormones such as glucagon and adrenalin (epinephrine) bind to membrane protein receptors ...
CH06-Metabolism-Fueling Cell Growth
... • Biological catalysts: accelerate conversion of substrate into product by lowering activation energy • Highly specific: one at each step • Reactions would occur without, but extremely slowly ...
... • Biological catalysts: accelerate conversion of substrate into product by lowering activation energy • Highly specific: one at each step • Reactions would occur without, but extremely slowly ...
TCA cycle cross products (also known as “nothing is simple” My
... enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acet ...
... enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acet ...
Document
... Institute Technology in Japan They devised an system to watch the enzyme catalyze the reverse reaction from the normally operating cell. ...
... Institute Technology in Japan They devised an system to watch the enzyme catalyze the reverse reaction from the normally operating cell. ...
Carbohydrates
... dietary carbohydrates is taken up by the liver and is used to synthesize the polysaccharide glycogen – the liver gradually hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose between meals and releases it into the bloodstream for distribution to all cells of the body ...
... dietary carbohydrates is taken up by the liver and is used to synthesize the polysaccharide glycogen – the liver gradually hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose between meals and releases it into the bloodstream for distribution to all cells of the body ...
HCC Learning Web
... • Pyruvic acid, produced by glycolysis, is – Reduced by NADH, producing NAD+, which keeps glycolysis going. ...
... • Pyruvic acid, produced by glycolysis, is – Reduced by NADH, producing NAD+, which keeps glycolysis going. ...
Midterm Examination I, March 31st, 2005
... Question 11. (10 points) Explain how calmodulin serves as a calcium sensor in most eukaryotic cells. Describe how calmodulin activates target proteins. Give an example. ...
... Question 11. (10 points) Explain how calmodulin serves as a calcium sensor in most eukaryotic cells. Describe how calmodulin activates target proteins. Give an example. ...
patriciazuk.com
... in methane – covalent electrons are shared equally between the C and the Hs of methane and the two Os of O2 - they are equally electronegative BUT - O is a very electronegative element – one of the most potent oxidizing agents when CO2 is formed - electrons are shared less equally between C and O – ...
... in methane – covalent electrons are shared equally between the C and the Hs of methane and the two Os of O2 - they are equally electronegative BUT - O is a very electronegative element – one of the most potent oxidizing agents when CO2 is formed - electrons are shared less equally between C and O – ...
Digestive System Learning Targets 6-10
... Salivary amylase acts on starch to produce maltose Pepsin in stomach’s gastric juices acts on protein to form peptides Pancreatic amylase digests starch ...
... Salivary amylase acts on starch to produce maltose Pepsin in stomach’s gastric juices acts on protein to form peptides Pancreatic amylase digests starch ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... to 38 ATP molecules. Thus, aerobic respiration releases much more energy than anaerobic respiration. The amount of energy produced by aerobic respiration may explain why aerobic organisms came to dominate life on Earth. It may also explain how organisms were able to become multicellular and increase ...
... to 38 ATP molecules. Thus, aerobic respiration releases much more energy than anaerobic respiration. The amount of energy produced by aerobic respiration may explain why aerobic organisms came to dominate life on Earth. It may also explain how organisms were able to become multicellular and increase ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑