see lecture notes
... which then splits into 2 molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) 3-C* each (enzyme: RuBP carboxylase, or "rubisco") * = this is why the Calvin Cycle is sometimes called the "three carbon pathway") 6 turns of the cycle = one 6-C molecule of sugar (glucose) overall equation: 6RuBP + 6 CO2 + 18 ATP + ...
... which then splits into 2 molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) 3-C* each (enzyme: RuBP carboxylase, or "rubisco") * = this is why the Calvin Cycle is sometimes called the "three carbon pathway") 6 turns of the cycle = one 6-C molecule of sugar (glucose) overall equation: 6RuBP + 6 CO2 + 18 ATP + ...
public exam_respiration__R1
... As glycolysis is the first step in the respiratory pathway, the inhibition of glycolysis will halt the processes that follow Hence, the overall production of pyruvate, ATP and NADH are greatly reduced showing that the whole respiratory pathway was inhibited. ...
... As glycolysis is the first step in the respiratory pathway, the inhibition of glycolysis will halt the processes that follow Hence, the overall production of pyruvate, ATP and NADH are greatly reduced showing that the whole respiratory pathway was inhibited. ...
Review Sheet for Exam Two
... the specific proteins and cofactors associated with those pathways. You should also know the roles of regulatory molecules associated with pathways and the logic behind the regulation (i.e. why is citrate an activator of fatty acid synthesis?). If I gave you a mechanism in class, you are responsible ...
... the specific proteins and cofactors associated with those pathways. You should also know the roles of regulatory molecules associated with pathways and the logic behind the regulation (i.e. why is citrate an activator of fatty acid synthesis?). If I gave you a mechanism in class, you are responsible ...
Fermentation
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. ...
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. ...
ERP 10 - Haiku Learning
... • The breakdown of fats to free fatty acids requires more oxygen than that required to breakdown glycogen. It is also a much slower process. • Therefore, during high-intensity exercise when oxygen is in limited supply, glycogen will be the preferred source of energy. ...
... • The breakdown of fats to free fatty acids requires more oxygen than that required to breakdown glycogen. It is also a much slower process. • Therefore, during high-intensity exercise when oxygen is in limited supply, glycogen will be the preferred source of energy. ...
Secondary Metabolites and Building Blocks
... May be more prevalent or unique to certain genus, species, and similar compounds occur within genuses and families Often have vital functions in the source • attractants for propagation of species • defense against predators • signaling May have useful nutritional benefits to humans/other organisms ...
... May be more prevalent or unique to certain genus, species, and similar compounds occur within genuses and families Often have vital functions in the source • attractants for propagation of species • defense against predators • signaling May have useful nutritional benefits to humans/other organisms ...
complete
... Glycogen synthase – active when dephosphorylated, inactive when phosphorylated; insulin vs. glucagon ...
... Glycogen synthase – active when dephosphorylated, inactive when phosphorylated; insulin vs. glucagon ...
Cellular respiration
... acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration ...
... acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration ...
(ATP). - WordPress.com
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respiration ...
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respiration ...
De niet-covalente interacties
... • Association of apolar groups/molecules in water results in the release of water molecules that surround the apolar surface in a stiff, ice-like structure. • The released water molecules have more possibilities to interact with other water molecules in solution. • This results in an increase of the ...
... • Association of apolar groups/molecules in water results in the release of water molecules that surround the apolar surface in a stiff, ice-like structure. • The released water molecules have more possibilities to interact with other water molecules in solution. • This results in an increase of the ...
Preparation of Azeleic Acid from Castor Oil Saponification and
... (usually NaOH or KOH) hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are esters of fatty acids, to form the sodium salt of a carboxylate. In addition to soap, such traditional saponification processes produces glycerol. ...
... (usually NaOH or KOH) hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are esters of fatty acids, to form the sodium salt of a carboxylate. In addition to soap, such traditional saponification processes produces glycerol. ...
Chapter 10- Photosynthesis
... - The reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts and are not dependent on sunlight directly. B. Calvin-Benson Cycle - Light energy is now stored as chemical energy in organic compounds. - The cyclic pathway operates as follows: a. Carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes attached to ribulose bisphosphat ...
... - The reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts and are not dependent on sunlight directly. B. Calvin-Benson Cycle - Light energy is now stored as chemical energy in organic compounds. - The cyclic pathway operates as follows: a. Carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes attached to ribulose bisphosphat ...
MF011_fhs_lnt_004b_May11
... of hormones (insulin, glucagon and somatostatin) This is thanks to the cells on the islet of ...
... of hormones (insulin, glucagon and somatostatin) This is thanks to the cells on the islet of ...
Absorption of VFA
... Butyrate > Propionate > Acetate Absorption greater with increasing concentrations of acids in the rumen Absorption increases at lower rumen pH Absorption greater in grain fed animals Faster fermentation – More VFA produced Lower pH Growth of papillae ...
... Butyrate > Propionate > Acetate Absorption greater with increasing concentrations of acids in the rumen Absorption increases at lower rumen pH Absorption greater in grain fed animals Faster fermentation – More VFA produced Lower pH Growth of papillae ...
with oxygen - Don`t Trust Atoms
... supply of oxygen getting to the muscles. • Happens when you need more energy than can be supplied by aerobic respiration. Glucose Lactic Acid ...
... supply of oxygen getting to the muscles. • Happens when you need more energy than can be supplied by aerobic respiration. Glucose Lactic Acid ...
chapter 25 tortora
... • Cristae of mitochondria, aerobic • This is where those electrons are used! ...
... • Cristae of mitochondria, aerobic • This is where those electrons are used! ...
LESSON 2.5 WORKBOOK Blood glucose in sleep, a 5 mile
... **Exercise can act like insulin The act of using your muscles can trigger a response that is similar to the effects of insulin. We previously learned that insulin tells the liver to store extra energy. Insulin also has an important role in the muscles: to bring glucose into the cells so that it can ...
... **Exercise can act like insulin The act of using your muscles can trigger a response that is similar to the effects of insulin. We previously learned that insulin tells the liver to store extra energy. Insulin also has an important role in the muscles: to bring glucose into the cells so that it can ...
AdvLec10_WebCT
... ATP used up to ph’late fructose cellular energy is reduced phosphate ‘trapped’ in fructose 1 P all of the above ...
... ATP used up to ph’late fructose cellular energy is reduced phosphate ‘trapped’ in fructose 1 P all of the above ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑