Metabolic engineering Synthetic Biology
... has the potential to increase provision of first-line antimalarial treatments to the developing world at a reduced average annual price. ...
... has the potential to increase provision of first-line antimalarial treatments to the developing world at a reduced average annual price. ...
Sugars
... The D and L families of sugars: Enantiomers - „mirror images“ (rotate polarized light in opposite directions → optical activity) Fischer projection: ...
... The D and L families of sugars: Enantiomers - „mirror images“ (rotate polarized light in opposite directions → optical activity) Fischer projection: ...
Reducing sugars
... The D and L families of sugars: Enantiomers - „mirror images“ (rotate polarized light in opposite directions → optical activity) ...
... The D and L families of sugars: Enantiomers - „mirror images“ (rotate polarized light in opposite directions → optical activity) ...
Lecture Slides
... • This type of fermentation, called alcoholic fermentation, is used to produce: – Beer – Wine ...
... • This type of fermentation, called alcoholic fermentation, is used to produce: – Beer – Wine ...
Aminosav metabolizmus IV. Aminosavak bioszintézise
... Jaundice in newborn infants: not enough glucuronyl bilirubin transferase (exposure to fluorescent lamp photochemical conversion of bilirubin) ...
... Jaundice in newborn infants: not enough glucuronyl bilirubin transferase (exposure to fluorescent lamp photochemical conversion of bilirubin) ...
Cellular Respiration
... – The Calorie (capital “C”) that is used on food labels is a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories. – Cells, of course, don’t “burn” glucose. Instead, they gradually release the energy from glucose and other food compounds. ...
... – The Calorie (capital “C”) that is used on food labels is a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories. – Cells, of course, don’t “burn” glucose. Instead, they gradually release the energy from glucose and other food compounds. ...
Fatty acid breakdown
... Attachment of upper ligand is second example of triphosphate liberation from ATP • Cobalamin Coenzyme B12 The other such reaction where this is observed is formation of Ado-Met ...
... Attachment of upper ligand is second example of triphosphate liberation from ATP • Cobalamin Coenzyme B12 The other such reaction where this is observed is formation of Ado-Met ...
peptides - WordPress.com
... to the bond, on transfer to an appropriate acceptor, results in transfer of the larger quantity of free energy. Thus, ATP contains two high-energy phosphate groups and ADP contains one, whereas the phosphate in AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is of the lowenergy type, since it is a normal ester link ...
... to the bond, on transfer to an appropriate acceptor, results in transfer of the larger quantity of free energy. Thus, ATP contains two high-energy phosphate groups and ADP contains one, whereas the phosphate in AMP (adenosine monophosphate) is of the lowenergy type, since it is a normal ester link ...
Organic Compounds
... dietary carbohydrates is taken up by the liver and is used to synthesize the polysaccharide glycogen – the liver gradually hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose between meals and releases it into the bloodstream for distribution to all cells of the body ...
... dietary carbohydrates is taken up by the liver and is used to synthesize the polysaccharide glycogen – the liver gradually hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose between meals and releases it into the bloodstream for distribution to all cells of the body ...
Chapter 6 notes
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substratelevelphosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substratelevelphosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and • ATP is formed. ...
Biochemistry 7/e
... Since UTP is required at the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase step, and UDP is released at the glycogen synthase step, these reactions contribute an energy cost of 1 UTP hydrolysed (equivalent to 1 ATP) for each glucose unit added with glucose-6-phosphate as starting point. An additional ATP is neede ...
... Since UTP is required at the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase step, and UDP is released at the glycogen synthase step, these reactions contribute an energy cost of 1 UTP hydrolysed (equivalent to 1 ATP) for each glucose unit added with glucose-6-phosphate as starting point. An additional ATP is neede ...
Document
... b. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is for an awake, alert, resting individual. 3. Energy obtained allows one to do all activities, conscious & unconscious. a. Cells convert food’s energy into ATP in the mitochondrion. b. Excess energy from metabolism is stored as fat for later use. 4. MR/BMR is influence ...
... b. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is for an awake, alert, resting individual. 3. Energy obtained allows one to do all activities, conscious & unconscious. a. Cells convert food’s energy into ATP in the mitochondrion. b. Excess energy from metabolism is stored as fat for later use. 4. MR/BMR is influence ...
- WordPress.com
... Fructose is metabolized by A. fructose 1-phosphate pathway B. fructose 6-phosphate pathway C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate pathway D.both (a) and (b) Answer: Option D ...
... Fructose is metabolized by A. fructose 1-phosphate pathway B. fructose 6-phosphate pathway C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate pathway D.both (a) and (b) Answer: Option D ...
How Cells Harvest Energy from Food
... and oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain to make additional molecules of ATP. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the oxidation reactions, accepting the electrons carried by NADH. In the presence of oxygen, cells can use both stages of cellular respiration, becaus ...
... and oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain to make additional molecules of ATP. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the oxidation reactions, accepting the electrons carried by NADH. In the presence of oxygen, cells can use both stages of cellular respiration, becaus ...
Respiration - Mr. Brigham Science
... –CATALAYZE chemical reactions so they can occur QUICKLY AND PRECISELY ...
... –CATALAYZE chemical reactions so they can occur QUICKLY AND PRECISELY ...
November 6th
... One ATP and one FADH2 are made to convert succinyl-CoA into malate One NADPH is made converting malate into pyruvate Pyruvate = 4 NADH, 1 ATP and 1 FADH2 ...
... One ATP and one FADH2 are made to convert succinyl-CoA into malate One NADPH is made converting malate into pyruvate Pyruvate = 4 NADH, 1 ATP and 1 FADH2 ...
Oxygen - CriticalCareMedicine
... The ER increases in conditions such as exercise, CHF, and anemia as a result of a lower CvO2. The converse occurs in sepsis. Each organ has its own metabolic needs so individual organ ER vary. The brain and the heart extract much more oxygen and thus are more susceptible to decreased delivery. ...
... The ER increases in conditions such as exercise, CHF, and anemia as a result of a lower CvO2. The converse occurs in sepsis. Each organ has its own metabolic needs so individual organ ER vary. The brain and the heart extract much more oxygen and thus are more susceptible to decreased delivery. ...
Biochemistry 1 (BASIC-106)
... • Monosaccharaides are also known as “simple sugars” • They are classified by: 1. Number of carbons. ...
... • Monosaccharaides are also known as “simple sugars” • They are classified by: 1. Number of carbons. ...
irm_ch23
... 1) Digestion, occurring in the digestive tract. Digestive enzymes break down food into glucose and other monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids and glycerol. These small molecules pass across intestinal membranes and into the blood, where they are transported to the body’s cells. 2) Acetyl gr ...
... 1) Digestion, occurring in the digestive tract. Digestive enzymes break down food into glucose and other monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids and glycerol. These small molecules pass across intestinal membranes and into the blood, where they are transported to the body’s cells. 2) Acetyl gr ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... Concept 9.5: Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen • Cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation to produce ATP ht ...
... Concept 9.5: Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen • Cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation to produce ATP ht ...
Chapter 6
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – is an important enzyme in oxidizing glucose, – accepts electrons, and ...
... – is an important enzyme in oxidizing glucose, – accepts electrons, and ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑