Lactic Acid
... Triphosphate (ATP). The body has a limited store of about 85 grms of ATP and would use it up very quickly if we did not have ways of resynthesising it. There are three systems that produce energy to resynthesise ATP: ATP-PC, lactic acid and aerobic. The lactic acid system is capable of releasing ene ...
... Triphosphate (ATP). The body has a limited store of about 85 grms of ATP and would use it up very quickly if we did not have ways of resynthesising it. There are three systems that produce energy to resynthesise ATP: ATP-PC, lactic acid and aerobic. The lactic acid system is capable of releasing ene ...
METABOLISM IN BACTERIA Microbial Metabolism Metabolism
... B. Phosphoketolase path way (Heterolactic path way) The phosphoketolase path way is distinguished by the key cleavage enzyme phosphoketolase, which cleaves pentose to glyceroldehyde 3 phosphate and acetyl phosphate. The path way ends with ethanol and lactic acid. Ex. Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc. The ...
... B. Phosphoketolase path way (Heterolactic path way) The phosphoketolase path way is distinguished by the key cleavage enzyme phosphoketolase, which cleaves pentose to glyceroldehyde 3 phosphate and acetyl phosphate. The path way ends with ethanol and lactic acid. Ex. Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc. The ...
1) From
... • A catalyst acts by bringing together the reactants, and thereby increasing the rate of a chemical reaction, without being permanently changed in the reaction. • Enzymes also allow the coupling of energetically unfavourable reactions with reactions that release free energy. If together the two reac ...
... • A catalyst acts by bringing together the reactants, and thereby increasing the rate of a chemical reaction, without being permanently changed in the reaction. • Enzymes also allow the coupling of energetically unfavourable reactions with reactions that release free energy. If together the two reac ...
Chapter 3
... Most of the important molecules in living organisms have long chains of carbon molecules forming a backbone for other atoms to attach to. These carbon atoms can also attach to carbon atoms of other molecules to form very large, or macro molecules. Dehydration Synthesis: -used to build large molecul ...
... Most of the important molecules in living organisms have long chains of carbon molecules forming a backbone for other atoms to attach to. These carbon atoms can also attach to carbon atoms of other molecules to form very large, or macro molecules. Dehydration Synthesis: -used to build large molecul ...
19 Oxidative Phosphorylation-Electron Transport A
... energy level (to Coenzyme Q (CoQ … see picture pg. 2) than NADH. The proton will then be donated to Cyctochrome b/c will then follow the same route of electron transport and proton pumping as NADH. That means there is one less proton being pumped out of the matrix and into Inter membrane space when ...
... energy level (to Coenzyme Q (CoQ … see picture pg. 2) than NADH. The proton will then be donated to Cyctochrome b/c will then follow the same route of electron transport and proton pumping as NADH. That means there is one less proton being pumped out of the matrix and into Inter membrane space when ...
Chapter 4
... ATP releases its energy by breaking off the third, or terminal, phosphate molecule. When this occurs, it becomes ADP (with only two phosphate molecules). The ADP returns to “recharge” by picking up a third phosphate molecule with energy, and the cycle repeats. 17. Define metabolic pathway? A metabol ...
... ATP releases its energy by breaking off the third, or terminal, phosphate molecule. When this occurs, it becomes ADP (with only two phosphate molecules). The ADP returns to “recharge” by picking up a third phosphate molecule with energy, and the cycle repeats. 17. Define metabolic pathway? A metabol ...
Chapter 1
... ATP releases its energy by breaking off the third, or terminal, phosphate molecule. When this occurs, it becomes ADP (with only two phosphate molecules). The ADP returns to “recharge” by picking up a third phosphate molecule with energy, and the cycle repeats. 17. Define metabolic pathway? A metabol ...
... ATP releases its energy by breaking off the third, or terminal, phosphate molecule. When this occurs, it becomes ADP (with only two phosphate molecules). The ADP returns to “recharge” by picking up a third phosphate molecule with energy, and the cycle repeats. 17. Define metabolic pathway? A metabol ...
Sample lab - eScience Labs
... Cellular Respiration words, they break down big molecules into smaller pieces. Free energy is released when the molecules are broken down, which can be sequentially used in each proceeding step. Through a series of oxidation reactions, the cell converts carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and water. ...
... Cellular Respiration words, they break down big molecules into smaller pieces. Free energy is released when the molecules are broken down, which can be sequentially used in each proceeding step. Through a series of oxidation reactions, the cell converts carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and water. ...
1 - MSU Billings
... E. B and C 76. Which of the following does not involve the plasma membrane? A. receptor mediated endocytosis B. active transport C. phagocytosis D. pinocytosis E. none of the above 77. The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded to A. provide a strong barrier to diffusion B. increase surface area C. ...
... E. B and C 76. Which of the following does not involve the plasma membrane? A. receptor mediated endocytosis B. active transport C. phagocytosis D. pinocytosis E. none of the above 77. The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded to A. provide a strong barrier to diffusion B. increase surface area C. ...
2.8 Respiration
... The latter process generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions ...
... The latter process generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions ...
Organic Molecules - Dublin City Schools
... #19 Glucose and hexanoic acid each contain six carbon atoms, but they have completely different properties. Glucose is necessary in food;hexanoic acid is poisonous. Their differences must be due to different a. monomers b. macromolecules ...
... #19 Glucose and hexanoic acid each contain six carbon atoms, but they have completely different properties. Glucose is necessary in food;hexanoic acid is poisonous. Their differences must be due to different a. monomers b. macromolecules ...
2 Chemistry Overview
... * How enzymes break down and build up molecules in the cell * Cellular Respiration * Fermentation ...
... * How enzymes break down and build up molecules in the cell * Cellular Respiration * Fermentation ...
Lecture 6 part 2 Carbohydrates
... • Starch is a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers and found in plants • Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose, which is hydrolyzed by animals when glucose is needed • Cellulose is a polymer of glucose that forms ...
... • Starch is a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers and found in plants • Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose, which is hydrolyzed by animals when glucose is needed • Cellulose is a polymer of glucose that forms ...
Slide ()
... Transport of glucose, fructose, and galactose across the intestinal epithelium. The SGLT1 transporter is coupled to the Na+-K+ pump, allowing glucose and galactose to be transported against their concentration gradients. The GLUT5 Na+-independent facilitative transporter allows fructose, as well as ...
... Transport of glucose, fructose, and galactose across the intestinal epithelium. The SGLT1 transporter is coupled to the Na+-K+ pump, allowing glucose and galactose to be transported against their concentration gradients. The GLUT5 Na+-independent facilitative transporter allows fructose, as well as ...
D53 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... *when isotope decays, positron is emitted, which combines with electron, both particles then being annihilated to release two gamma-rays that radiate in 180° opposite directions. isotopes are short-lived - require production in adjacent cyclotron - expense and technical complexity! Less favorable ...
... *when isotope decays, positron is emitted, which combines with electron, both particles then being annihilated to release two gamma-rays that radiate in 180° opposite directions. isotopes are short-lived - require production in adjacent cyclotron - expense and technical complexity! Less favorable ...
0001 fructose intolerance - Western Washington University
... – Subsequently, 2 adults, aged 33 and 39 years were identified with the same condition . In addition to the aversion to fructose-containing foods, ...
... – Subsequently, 2 adults, aged 33 and 39 years were identified with the same condition . In addition to the aversion to fructose-containing foods, ...
Honors Biology A 4W5 Respiration (divide by
... a. sugar is made from PGAL b. Acetyl-CoA adds the 2 carbons from pyruvate to a 4 carbon molecule to form citric acid c. out on the fire escape d. citric acid is converted to ethanol e. converting bananas to chocolate ...
... a. sugar is made from PGAL b. Acetyl-CoA adds the 2 carbons from pyruvate to a 4 carbon molecule to form citric acid c. out on the fire escape d. citric acid is converted to ethanol e. converting bananas to chocolate ...
enzymes - charlestonbiology
... - the biosynthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones - requires the input of energy These two pathways often depend on one another ...
... - the biosynthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones - requires the input of energy These two pathways often depend on one another ...
Molecular Biology and Chemistry - Systems Biology Research Group
... to 80% water [2]. The basic chemical structure of water is deceptively simple, but due to the orientation of the atoms that comprise it, water is a very special substance. It is the only common substance to exists naturally in all three physical states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Its two hydr ...
... to 80% water [2]. The basic chemical structure of water is deceptively simple, but due to the orientation of the atoms that comprise it, water is a very special substance. It is the only common substance to exists naturally in all three physical states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Its two hydr ...
Macromolecules
... acids together toAmino Side make proteins The process is called dehydration synthesis Peptide bonds form to hold the amino acids together ...
... acids together toAmino Side make proteins The process is called dehydration synthesis Peptide bonds form to hold the amino acids together ...
Chapter 3: The Chemistry of Organic Molecules
... • Carbohydrates: polymer = polysaccharide monomer= monosaccharide • Proteins: polymer= polypeptide monomer= amino acid • Nucleic acids: polymer= nucleic acid Monomer= nucleotide ...
... • Carbohydrates: polymer = polysaccharide monomer= monosaccharide • Proteins: polymer= polypeptide monomer= amino acid • Nucleic acids: polymer= nucleic acid Monomer= nucleotide ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑