EXTRA
... organic electron acceptors are used in the process of energy production (fermentation). Less energy is generated compared with aerobic respiration and organic byproducts are released from the ...
... organic electron acceptors are used in the process of energy production (fermentation). Less energy is generated compared with aerobic respiration and organic byproducts are released from the ...
Organic Chemistry of Life
... Compounds that consist of many molecules (__________________) bonded together are called MACROMOLECULES or ______ ...
... Compounds that consist of many molecules (__________________) bonded together are called MACROMOLECULES or ______ ...
Chapter 9
... 16. Why do electrons NEED to “break the fall?” 17. How is ATP made during chemiosmosis? 18. What happens when there is no O2? 19. How do the other foods we eat get catabolized? 20. How is cellular respiration controlled? ...
... 16. Why do electrons NEED to “break the fall?” 17. How is ATP made during chemiosmosis? 18. What happens when there is no O2? 19. How do the other foods we eat get catabolized? 20. How is cellular respiration controlled? ...
GSD - imtech
... Type II GSD affects predominantly the heart and skeletal muscle producing muscle weakness and cardiomegaly. Liver function is normal and patients do not have hypoglycemia. ----- caused by a lack of function of the enzyme acid glucosidase, which is present in lysosomes. Without the proper functioning ...
... Type II GSD affects predominantly the heart and skeletal muscle producing muscle weakness and cardiomegaly. Liver function is normal and patients do not have hypoglycemia. ----- caused by a lack of function of the enzyme acid glucosidase, which is present in lysosomes. Without the proper functioning ...
Cellular Respiration
... • A common fuel molecule for cellular respiration is glucose. • Cellular respiration can produce up to 32 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule consumed. ...
... • A common fuel molecule for cellular respiration is glucose. • Cellular respiration can produce up to 32 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule consumed. ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... – 4.1 kcal/g; ~2,500 kcal stored in body – Primary ATP substrate for muscles, brain – Extra glucose stored as glycogen in liver, muscles ...
... – 4.1 kcal/g; ~2,500 kcal stored in body – Primary ATP substrate for muscles, brain – Extra glucose stored as glycogen in liver, muscles ...
Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis)
... ATP-synthase (complex V), ATPV) present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, actually makes ATP from ADP and Pi. ...
... ATP-synthase (complex V), ATPV) present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, actually makes ATP from ADP and Pi. ...
Energy in the Cell
... All reactions require an input of energy to get them started: the activation energy. Think of touching a match to a piece of paper to start a fire: the match is supplying the activation energy. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction. The ...
... All reactions require an input of energy to get them started: the activation energy. Think of touching a match to a piece of paper to start a fire: the match is supplying the activation energy. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction. The ...
1. glucose is broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm;
... and from heat loss due to cell respiration; energy passed on from one level to next is 10–20%; which limits length of food chain; photosynthesis / producers convert solar energy to chemical energy (in organic molecules); consumers obtain necessary energy from eating organisms of previous trophic lev ...
... and from heat loss due to cell respiration; energy passed on from one level to next is 10–20%; which limits length of food chain; photosynthesis / producers convert solar energy to chemical energy (in organic molecules); consumers obtain necessary energy from eating organisms of previous trophic lev ...
Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... very low), liver starts gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose). This process uses CAC intermediates such as oxaloacetate, and thus the consumption of AcetylCoA in CAC is slowed down. These leads to excess of acetyl-CoA in liver. ...
... very low), liver starts gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose). This process uses CAC intermediates such as oxaloacetate, and thus the consumption of AcetylCoA in CAC is slowed down. These leads to excess of acetyl-CoA in liver. ...
allosteric activator
... change of enzyme synthesis and degradation so that ultimately determine enzyme level at any point in time. In many instances, transcriptional regulation determines the concentrations of specific enzyme, with enzyme proteins degradation playing a minor role. In other instances, protein synthesis is c ...
... change of enzyme synthesis and degradation so that ultimately determine enzyme level at any point in time. In many instances, transcriptional regulation determines the concentrations of specific enzyme, with enzyme proteins degradation playing a minor role. In other instances, protein synthesis is c ...
peptides - WordPress.com
... blood glucose concentration by breaking down glycogen (glycogenolysis, and, together with the kidney, by converting noncarbohydrate metabolites such as lactate, glycerol, and amino acids to glucose (gluconeogenesis,). The maintenance of an adequate concentration of blood glucose is vital for those t ...
... blood glucose concentration by breaking down glycogen (glycogenolysis, and, together with the kidney, by converting noncarbohydrate metabolites such as lactate, glycerol, and amino acids to glucose (gluconeogenesis,). The maintenance of an adequate concentration of blood glucose is vital for those t ...
Slide 1
... • Fermentation and respiration are the two means by which chemoorganotrophs conserve energy from the oxidation of organic compounds. • During these catabolic reactions, ATP synthesis occurs by way of either substrate-level phosphorylation (fermentation) or oxidative phosphorylation (respiration). ...
... • Fermentation and respiration are the two means by which chemoorganotrophs conserve energy from the oxidation of organic compounds. • During these catabolic reactions, ATP synthesis occurs by way of either substrate-level phosphorylation (fermentation) or oxidative phosphorylation (respiration). ...
Bio102 Problems
... high-energy molecules produced by the Light-Dependent Reactions. But would it be possible for the Light-Dependent Reactions to continue if the Light-Independent Reactions were blocked? Why or why not? 22. Which complex (or complexes) is correctly described by each of the statements below? List all t ...
... high-energy molecules produced by the Light-Dependent Reactions. But would it be possible for the Light-Dependent Reactions to continue if the Light-Independent Reactions were blocked? Why or why not? 22. Which complex (or complexes) is correctly described by each of the statements below? List all t ...
CHE-09 Biochemistry
... The reaction, fructose - 6-phosphate + Pi fructose - 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O, has a Keq of 0.0001 at pH 7. What is the G for this reaction? Conversion of glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate to 1, 3 – bisphosphoglycerate is an example of substrate level phosphorylation. Explain how? How is the proton moti ...
... The reaction, fructose - 6-phosphate + Pi fructose - 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O, has a Keq of 0.0001 at pH 7. What is the G for this reaction? Conversion of glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate to 1, 3 – bisphosphoglycerate is an example of substrate level phosphorylation. Explain how? How is the proton moti ...
Biology 1407 - Ranger College
... Two of the laws important to understanding living organisms first law - conservation of energy; amount of energy in the universe is constant, with energy not created or destroyed (can change form) second law - energy transformations increase entropy in the universe - all energy will be “scattered he ...
... Two of the laws important to understanding living organisms first law - conservation of energy; amount of energy in the universe is constant, with energy not created or destroyed (can change form) second law - energy transformations increase entropy in the universe - all energy will be “scattered he ...
Biochem19_Aerobic Respiration
... • They make their own ribosomes that are very similar to those of bacteria. • The DNA and ribosomes allow the mitochondria to synthesize their own proteins. • Mitochondria are self-replicating. They grow in size and divide to produce new mitochondria. Dr. Michael P. Gillespie ...
... • They make their own ribosomes that are very similar to those of bacteria. • The DNA and ribosomes allow the mitochondria to synthesize their own proteins. • Mitochondria are self-replicating. They grow in size and divide to produce new mitochondria. Dr. Michael P. Gillespie ...
Lesson - ACS Distance Education (UK)
... If a person is running a marathon, breathing may not be supplying ample oxygen to produce ATP through this system, hence the lactic acid system may start to be used, resulting in a build up of lactic acid OR the ATP-PC system may be used resulting in a depletion of phosphocreatine in the muscles. Af ...
... If a person is running a marathon, breathing may not be supplying ample oxygen to produce ATP through this system, hence the lactic acid system may start to be used, resulting in a build up of lactic acid OR the ATP-PC system may be used resulting in a depletion of phosphocreatine in the muscles. Af ...
Biology 1406 Exam 2
... Two of the laws important to understanding living organisms first law - conservation of energy; amount of energy in the universe is constant, with energy not created or destroyed (can change form) second law - energy transformations increase entropy in the universe - all energy will be “scattered he ...
... Two of the laws important to understanding living organisms first law - conservation of energy; amount of energy in the universe is constant, with energy not created or destroyed (can change form) second law - energy transformations increase entropy in the universe - all energy will be “scattered he ...
Contents - Garland Science
... The acyl group of malonyl CoA is linked to acetyl CoA and then transferred to acyl carrier protein via a malonyl CoA:ACP transacylase For the assembly of an 18C fatty acid from acetyl CoA using type II fatty acid synthase, 48 reactions are necessary and at least 12 different proteins involved ...
... The acyl group of malonyl CoA is linked to acetyl CoA and then transferred to acyl carrier protein via a malonyl CoA:ACP transacylase For the assembly of an 18C fatty acid from acetyl CoA using type II fatty acid synthase, 48 reactions are necessary and at least 12 different proteins involved ...
PowerPoint: Cell Test Review
... 27. How many molecules of ATP are produced overall in Cellular Respiration? ...
... 27. How many molecules of ATP are produced overall in Cellular Respiration? ...
References - The University of New Mexico
... and as presented in Equations 1 through 4, the reactions of non-mitochondrial energy metabolism are presented with summary reactions revealing the consumption of 1 H+ in the creatine kinase reaction, the release of 2 H+ from glycolysis, and the consumption of 2 H+ by lactate production. Such summary ...
... and as presented in Equations 1 through 4, the reactions of non-mitochondrial energy metabolism are presented with summary reactions revealing the consumption of 1 H+ in the creatine kinase reaction, the release of 2 H+ from glycolysis, and the consumption of 2 H+ by lactate production. Such summary ...
any molecule that is present in living organisms. Carbohydrates
... Hydrolysis: adding water to break down into monomers ...
... Hydrolysis: adding water to break down into monomers ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑