AMINO ACID DEGRADATION
... acetyl CoA are called KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS because they can be converted into ketone bodies. The amino acids that are converted in the remaining of the seven molecules are called GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACIDS becaause they can be converted into phosphoenol pyruvate and then in glucose. • Some amino acids ...
... acetyl CoA are called KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS because they can be converted into ketone bodies. The amino acids that are converted in the remaining of the seven molecules are called GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACIDS becaause they can be converted into phosphoenol pyruvate and then in glucose. • Some amino acids ...
Fatty acid catabolism leture2-3
... very low), liver starts gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose). This process uses CAC intermediates such as oxaloacetate, and thus the consumption of AcetylCoA in CAC is slowed down. These leads to excess of acetyl-CoA in liver. In order to meet the energy demand by other tissues, liver catabolizes ...
... very low), liver starts gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose). This process uses CAC intermediates such as oxaloacetate, and thus the consumption of AcetylCoA in CAC is slowed down. These leads to excess of acetyl-CoA in liver. In order to meet the energy demand by other tissues, liver catabolizes ...
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
... e. the enzyme was in a more active conformation at pH 6 (147) 9. When substance A was added to an enzyme reaction, product formation decreased. The addition of more substrate did not increase product formation. From this we conclude that substance A could be e. a noncompetitive inhibitor (155) 10. T ...
... e. the enzyme was in a more active conformation at pH 6 (147) 9. When substance A was added to an enzyme reaction, product formation decreased. The addition of more substrate did not increase product formation. From this we conclude that substance A could be e. a noncompetitive inhibitor (155) 10. T ...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates
... performance, has relatively low glycolytic activity & poor survival under conditions of ischemia. ...
... performance, has relatively low glycolytic activity & poor survival under conditions of ischemia. ...
High Alcohol Fermentations: How to Manage Primary and
... Refer to websites for actual protocols Blend Sterile Filter Long acclimatization, build-up with sugar Short acclimatization with high inoculation rate How many times should you try to restart a stuck ferment? When can you start tasting the yeast? • Use of yeast hulls • Addition of nutrients? ...
... Refer to websites for actual protocols Blend Sterile Filter Long acclimatization, build-up with sugar Short acclimatization with high inoculation rate How many times should you try to restart a stuck ferment? When can you start tasting the yeast? • Use of yeast hulls • Addition of nutrients? ...
Energy Systems Live Show
... Anaerobic Respiration is how sprinters produce the energy that is used in short periods of ‘all out effort’ - high intensity. Oxygen cannot reach the muscles fast enough, so anaerobic respiration is used. Glucose Produces… ...
... Anaerobic Respiration is how sprinters produce the energy that is used in short periods of ‘all out effort’ - high intensity. Oxygen cannot reach the muscles fast enough, so anaerobic respiration is used. Glucose Produces… ...
Advanced Biology
... c) Diagram the molecular structure of an ATP molecule. Label the “high-energy” phosphate bonds. Why is the term “high energy” actually somewhat misleading? d) Come up with an analogy to describe ATP’s role in cells. How does this illustrate the importance of coupled reactions? 3. Take a look at the ...
... c) Diagram the molecular structure of an ATP molecule. Label the “high-energy” phosphate bonds. Why is the term “high energy” actually somewhat misleading? d) Come up with an analogy to describe ATP’s role in cells. How does this illustrate the importance of coupled reactions? 3. Take a look at the ...
Citric acid cycle • What are the functions of Citric Acid Cycle?
... The fatty acid is bound to albumin during transport to target cells The fatty acid is activated in the cytoplasm The fatty acid is transported into the mitochondrion using carnitine The fatty acid is oxidised by β-oxidation yielding NADH, FADH2 and acetyl-CoA • Ketone bodies are formed when acetyl-C ...
... The fatty acid is bound to albumin during transport to target cells The fatty acid is activated in the cytoplasm The fatty acid is transported into the mitochondrion using carnitine The fatty acid is oxidised by β-oxidation yielding NADH, FADH2 and acetyl-CoA • Ketone bodies are formed when acetyl-C ...
Chapter 26 - Palm Beach State College
... – Most serve as fuel: easily oxidized source of chemical energy • Most cells meet energy needs by a combination of carbohydrates and fats • Neurons and erythrocytes depend solely on carbohydrates • Hypoglycemia—deficiency of blood glucose – Causes nervous system disturbances such as weakness and diz ...
... – Most serve as fuel: easily oxidized source of chemical energy • Most cells meet energy needs by a combination of carbohydrates and fats • Neurons and erythrocytes depend solely on carbohydrates • Hypoglycemia—deficiency of blood glucose – Causes nervous system disturbances such as weakness and diz ...
6 Section B Exercise and Sport Physiology (Option B3) 5 (a
... ATP/PC system/alactic eg involves coupled reactions system/PC system PC is broken down into P + C + energy This is an exothermic reaction Energy released + ADP + P ------ATP Site= muscle cell sarcoplasm ...
... ATP/PC system/alactic eg involves coupled reactions system/PC system PC is broken down into P + C + energy This is an exothermic reaction Energy released + ADP + P ------ATP Site= muscle cell sarcoplasm ...
ENERGY Physiology Function:workàlive -grows(mitosis)
... *if O2 Absent, hanggang ditto nalang)(Anaerobic) *If O2 present…(Aerobic) 2. Krebs 3.ATC(Electron transport Chain) Breakdown of glucose begins in the cytoplasm: the liquid matrix inside the cell At this point life diverges into two forms and two pathways -Anaerobic cellular respiration (aka ferm ...
... *if O2 Absent, hanggang ditto nalang)(Anaerobic) *If O2 present…(Aerobic) 2. Krebs 3.ATC(Electron transport Chain) Breakdown of glucose begins in the cytoplasm: the liquid matrix inside the cell At this point life diverges into two forms and two pathways -Anaerobic cellular respiration (aka ferm ...
Chapter 9 Powerpoint
... and 2 ATP from the citric acid cycle. At this point, molecules of NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from the glucose. The electron escorts link glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the machinery of oxidative phosphorylation, which uses energy released from the electron trans ...
... and 2 ATP from the citric acid cycle. At this point, molecules of NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from the glucose. The electron escorts link glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the machinery of oxidative phosphorylation, which uses energy released from the electron trans ...
CHAPTER 26: Lipid Metabolism - Richest energy source
... - Your fat now is enough for you to starve for 30 – 40 days, if you have water - Contrast to the amount of glycogen in your liver (stored carbs) can last only 1 day - Adipose tissue – fat-storage cells (most of cytoplasm is fat globule) -- swell or shrink depending on fat content -- located just ben ...
... - Your fat now is enough for you to starve for 30 – 40 days, if you have water - Contrast to the amount of glycogen in your liver (stored carbs) can last only 1 day - Adipose tissue – fat-storage cells (most of cytoplasm is fat globule) -- swell or shrink depending on fat content -- located just ben ...
CHAPTER 26: Lipid Metabolism
... - Your fat now is enough for you to starve for 30 – 40 days, if you have water - Contrast to the amount of glycogen in your liver (stored carbs) can last only 1 day - Adipose tissue – fat-storage cells (most of cytoplasm is fat globule) -- swell or shrink depending on fat content -- located just ben ...
... - Your fat now is enough for you to starve for 30 – 40 days, if you have water - Contrast to the amount of glycogen in your liver (stored carbs) can last only 1 day - Adipose tissue – fat-storage cells (most of cytoplasm is fat globule) -- swell or shrink depending on fat content -- located just ben ...
cellular respiration
... Names and structures of enzymes involved not required except hexokinase and phosphofructokinase) ...
... Names and structures of enzymes involved not required except hexokinase and phosphofructokinase) ...
macromolecules new
... • 2 peptides is called a dipeptide • 3-9 peptides is called a polypeptide • Many amino acids with lots of folding is called a protein ...
... • 2 peptides is called a dipeptide • 3-9 peptides is called a polypeptide • Many amino acids with lots of folding is called a protein ...
Carbohydrates
... • The simplest type of carbohydrate is a simple sugar called a monosaccharide. Contains ONE sugar molecule. • Examples are glucose and fructose) ...
... • The simplest type of carbohydrate is a simple sugar called a monosaccharide. Contains ONE sugar molecule. • Examples are glucose and fructose) ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 28: Active Transport
... transport term + ATP hydrolysis bonds + ATP hydrolysis concentrations Transport can make [S]dest >> [S]source up to the point where the positive contribution to ∆G from transport is just less than the negative contribution from ATP hydrolysis. One advantage of ∆G is that all terms are simply additiv ...
... transport term + ATP hydrolysis bonds + ATP hydrolysis concentrations Transport can make [S]dest >> [S]source up to the point where the positive contribution to ∆G from transport is just less than the negative contribution from ATP hydrolysis. One advantage of ∆G is that all terms are simply additiv ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑