Basic Strategies of Cell Metabolism
... The relationships between catabolism and anabolism occur not only at the common intermediates. Certain pathways play dual roles, as they function in both anabolism and catabolism. For instance, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as will be demonstrated later, is involved not only in the oxidation of pyru ...
... The relationships between catabolism and anabolism occur not only at the common intermediates. Certain pathways play dual roles, as they function in both anabolism and catabolism. For instance, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as will be demonstrated later, is involved not only in the oxidation of pyru ...
Document
... Glycolysis: Energy-Investment In reactions 1-5 of glycolysis, • energy is required to add phosphate groups to glucose. • glucose is converted to two three-carbon molecules. ...
... Glycolysis: Energy-Investment In reactions 1-5 of glycolysis, • energy is required to add phosphate groups to glucose. • glucose is converted to two three-carbon molecules. ...
Industrial microbiology Second level
... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are consumed as reactants, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondria in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The products of this process are carbon dioxide and water, but the ...
... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are consumed as reactants, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondria in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The products of this process are carbon dioxide and water, but the ...
Alternative Pathways to Cellular Respiration!
... Rubisco must carry carbon dioxide to a 5 carbon molecule (Ribulose bisphosphate) during carbon fixation ...
... Rubisco must carry carbon dioxide to a 5 carbon molecule (Ribulose bisphosphate) during carbon fixation ...
Vanadium: Insulin Mimicry
... Hormone that triggers glucose, amino acid and fatty acid uptake in tissues. ...
... Hormone that triggers glucose, amino acid and fatty acid uptake in tissues. ...
Medical Biochemistry. Human Metabolism in Health and Disease Brochure
... metabolic pathways and reactions are connected to human health and disease. Rather than cover all the reactions that human cells and tissues are capable of executing, this text better enables readers to learn core concepts by emphasizing select examples that illustrate the physiologic and pathophysi ...
... metabolic pathways and reactions are connected to human health and disease. Rather than cover all the reactions that human cells and tissues are capable of executing, this text better enables readers to learn core concepts by emphasizing select examples that illustrate the physiologic and pathophysi ...
Light-independent reactions - Mrs Jones A
... 3 The GP molecules are reduced (using two hydrogen atoms donated by reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage) and then phosphorylated (using an inorganic phosphate group from one molecule of ATP, also from the lightdependent stage) to form another three-carbon compound called triose phosphate (e ...
... 3 The GP molecules are reduced (using two hydrogen atoms donated by reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage) and then phosphorylated (using an inorganic phosphate group from one molecule of ATP, also from the lightdependent stage) to form another three-carbon compound called triose phosphate (e ...
Chapter 3 Review Questions
... 26. Explain why people are lactose intolerant. Be sure to include lactose, lactase, and disaccharide in your response. People who are lactose intolerant cannot digest the sugar known as lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk and products derived from milk. The lactose intolerant person can ...
... 26. Explain why people are lactose intolerant. Be sure to include lactose, lactase, and disaccharide in your response. People who are lactose intolerant cannot digest the sugar known as lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk and products derived from milk. The lactose intolerant person can ...
Slide 1 - Fleet Feet Columbus
... Training at LT allows high intensity stimulus without lactate accumulation that decreases training duration ...
... Training at LT allows high intensity stimulus without lactate accumulation that decreases training duration ...
Slide 1
... High carbohydrate diet daily Consume glucose during activity Consume carbohydrate shortly after exercise ...
... High carbohydrate diet daily Consume glucose during activity Consume carbohydrate shortly after exercise ...
Krebs Cycle - ScienceFolks
... Recall that glycolysis, stage I of cellular respiration, produces two molecules of pyruvate. These molecules enter the matrix of a mitochondrion, where they start the Krebs cycle. The reactions that occur next are shown in Figure 1.1. You can watch an animated version at this link: http://www.youtub ...
... Recall that glycolysis, stage I of cellular respiration, produces two molecules of pyruvate. These molecules enter the matrix of a mitochondrion, where they start the Krebs cycle. The reactions that occur next are shown in Figure 1.1. You can watch an animated version at this link: http://www.youtub ...
TCA
... Production of acetyl-CoA (e.g., during glycolysis and the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
... Production of acetyl-CoA (e.g., during glycolysis and the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
Chapter 3
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
Quiz 17
... A. It is a series of processes that break down glucose into two 3-C compounds. B. It is an enzymatic reaction. C. It produces two molecules of ATP. D. It occurs faster when oxygen is abundant. 2. Which of the following pathways in aerobic respiration that produces the greatest number of ATP per mole ...
... A. It is a series of processes that break down glucose into two 3-C compounds. B. It is an enzymatic reaction. C. It produces two molecules of ATP. D. It occurs faster when oxygen is abundant. 2. Which of the following pathways in aerobic respiration that produces the greatest number of ATP per mole ...
ENERGY SYSTEMS
... In intermittent exercise, such as football or netball, glycogen supplies last for approximately four to six hours. However, in the case of marathon runners, supplies could be exhausted in about two hours. The body has virtually unlimited supplies of fat and this is used as a fuel source as glycogen ...
... In intermittent exercise, such as football or netball, glycogen supplies last for approximately four to six hours. However, in the case of marathon runners, supplies could be exhausted in about two hours. The body has virtually unlimited supplies of fat and this is used as a fuel source as glycogen ...
Khaled Hamarneh Summary
... * 1 and 2 are coupled processes, what couple means? -It means as long as there are electrons movement , there may be generation of ATP. * Coupling is lost if the IMM is Not intact , means there is an oxidative process but with phosphorylation (No ATP). * 5 complexes in IMM (oxido- reductase enzymes) ...
... * 1 and 2 are coupled processes, what couple means? -It means as long as there are electrons movement , there may be generation of ATP. * Coupling is lost if the IMM is Not intact , means there is an oxidative process but with phosphorylation (No ATP). * 5 complexes in IMM (oxido- reductase enzymes) ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate; the chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it down to ADP and phosphate; ATP can be regenerated during respiration; each glucose molecule is broken down via pyruvate to carbon dioxide ...
... the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate; the chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it down to ADP and phosphate; ATP can be regenerated during respiration; each glucose molecule is broken down via pyruvate to carbon dioxide ...
Metabolic targets for cancer therapy
... CPT1 exerts anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, yet it remains unclear whether these indeed stem from the blockade of β-oxidation. ...
... CPT1 exerts anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, yet it remains unclear whether these indeed stem from the blockade of β-oxidation. ...
video slide - Blue Valley Schools
... Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationships with these microbes. ...
... Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationships with these microbes. ...
Macromolecules 1
... polymers are broken down by adding H2O 1. a hydrogen and a hydroxyl group from a split water molecule attaches ...
... polymers are broken down by adding H2O 1. a hydrogen and a hydroxyl group from a split water molecule attaches ...
A 3-month old female infant seemed normal until she developed
... to form oxaloacetate. This conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase is called an anaplerotic process because of its role in restoring oxaloacetate to the TCA cycle (Gropper & Smith, 2013). In other words, pyruvate carboxylase supplies oxaloacetate to keep the TCA cycle running. ...
... to form oxaloacetate. This conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase is called an anaplerotic process because of its role in restoring oxaloacetate to the TCA cycle (Gropper & Smith, 2013). In other words, pyruvate carboxylase supplies oxaloacetate to keep the TCA cycle running. ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
... Organisms that has become transformed following the introduction of new DNA into its genome is called transgenic organism. Transgenic crop plants contain a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence is called Tr ...
... Organisms that has become transformed following the introduction of new DNA into its genome is called transgenic organism. Transgenic crop plants contain a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence is called Tr ...
Molecular Modeling Activity for Carbohydrates
... - learn about the various functions carbohydrates serve in our bodies. ...
... - learn about the various functions carbohydrates serve in our bodies. ...
part_4_cellular_respiration_stations
... requires oxygen to release ATP energy from food. Most organisms such as animals (heterotrophs) and plants (autotrophs) use aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires six molecules of oxygen and 1 glucose molecule, a type of carbohydrate or sugar. For just 1 glucose molecule, aerobic respirati ...
... requires oxygen to release ATP energy from food. Most organisms such as animals (heterotrophs) and plants (autotrophs) use aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires six molecules of oxygen and 1 glucose molecule, a type of carbohydrate or sugar. For just 1 glucose molecule, aerobic respirati ...
Supplementary material for table on macromolecular cell
... blocks synthesis, transport processes etc. Those were accounted for separately and as shown for example by A. H. Stouthamer 1973 (BNID 104848, assuming it refers to cell dry weight), and amount to another ≈ 7×109 ATP per 1 μm3 cell volume. ...
... blocks synthesis, transport processes etc. Those were accounted for separately and as shown for example by A. H. Stouthamer 1973 (BNID 104848, assuming it refers to cell dry weight), and amount to another ≈ 7×109 ATP per 1 μm3 cell volume. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑