ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... 10. The surface of water behaves like any stretched membrane. In other words, when it is ruptured at any point it shrinks away. This property is known as surface tension. Some substances such as oil, grease or detergents have the property of reducing the surface tension when added to water. When we ...
... 10. The surface of water behaves like any stretched membrane. In other words, when it is ruptured at any point it shrinks away. This property is known as surface tension. Some substances such as oil, grease or detergents have the property of reducing the surface tension when added to water. When we ...
Responses to challenges
... though the large negative free energy reaction tells us that it is spontaneous and will go to completion eventually. however this only tells us about the thermodynamics of the reactions. therefore, yes an enzyme be used to to speed up the process (showing us the kinetics). now since we are talking a ...
... though the large negative free energy reaction tells us that it is spontaneous and will go to completion eventually. however this only tells us about the thermodynamics of the reactions. therefore, yes an enzyme be used to to speed up the process (showing us the kinetics). now since we are talking a ...
L23_Exercise
... fatty acid oxidation can be used for ATP generation • Power output is lower when using only fatty acids • “Hitting the Wall” • Cannot sprint if there’s no glycogen ...
... fatty acid oxidation can be used for ATP generation • Power output is lower when using only fatty acids • “Hitting the Wall” • Cannot sprint if there’s no glycogen ...
Energy and Respiration
... products of metabolism), Maximum energy is released from the glucose. ...
... products of metabolism), Maximum energy is released from the glucose. ...
S11 HMP - ISpatula
... A number of intracellular reducing agents, such as ascorbate, vitamin E and carotene are able to reduce and thus detoxify oxygen intermediates in cells III) Cytochrome p-450 system: ...
... A number of intracellular reducing agents, such as ascorbate, vitamin E and carotene are able to reduce and thus detoxify oxygen intermediates in cells III) Cytochrome p-450 system: ...
READ MORE - MindBody Medicine Center
... Since NAD is so fundamental to good health, how is it that we can become deficient in this powerful molecule? First of all, the vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, proteins and fats come from o ...
... Since NAD is so fundamental to good health, how is it that we can become deficient in this powerful molecule? First of all, the vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, proteins and fats come from o ...
... iii) The energetic cost to insert the polar mainchain atoms into the bilayer is unfavorable, (by +1 kcal/mol). Therefore the sidechain must be large enough such that the transfer energy exceeds this. Anything larger than Ala will do. 9. (6 pts) Please do one of the following choices. Choice A: Brief ...
Transaminase. There are many types for each amino acid. They are
... Metabolism Lecture 11 — OXIDATIVE- & PHOTO-PHOSPHORYLATION — Restricted for students enrolled in MCB102, UC Berkeley, Spring 2008 ONLY ...
... Metabolism Lecture 11 — OXIDATIVE- & PHOTO-PHOSPHORYLATION — Restricted for students enrolled in MCB102, UC Berkeley, Spring 2008 ONLY ...
QUIZ #1 - Introduction, Water, pH, buffers, Amino Acids, Proteins
... c. When the pH = pI, the amino acid is at its greatest buffering capacity d. When the pH = pI, the pK of each ionizable group is unchanged 14. Concerning buffers, which of the following is true? a. Strong acid and bases are good buffers b. Buffers cause dramatic pH changes c. The -NH2 / -NH3+ pair i ...
... c. When the pH = pI, the amino acid is at its greatest buffering capacity d. When the pH = pI, the pK of each ionizable group is unchanged 14. Concerning buffers, which of the following is true? a. Strong acid and bases are good buffers b. Buffers cause dramatic pH changes c. The -NH2 / -NH3+ pair i ...
Using enzymes in industrial processes
... 3. What are the 2 roles of bile? 4. What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach to work at? 5. What is the role of the small intestine in digestion? ...
... 3. What are the 2 roles of bile? 4. What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach to work at? 5. What is the role of the small intestine in digestion? ...
Chapter 04 - Lecture Outline
... Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy production. ...
... Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy production. ...
1 - Lone Star College System
... b. The nitrogen-containing base uracil (U) replaces thymine c. Usually single stranded 2. Carries the instructions from DNA for making a protein ...
... b. The nitrogen-containing base uracil (U) replaces thymine c. Usually single stranded 2. Carries the instructions from DNA for making a protein ...
Glycogen
... • blood glucose levels rise • pancreas secretes insulin. • Glucose from the portal vein enters the liver cells (hepatocytes). • Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. • Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as ...
... • blood glucose levels rise • pancreas secretes insulin. • Glucose from the portal vein enters the liver cells (hepatocytes). • Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. • Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as ...
PowerPoint - Michigan State University
... • Form polymers from subunits • Enzymes remove -OH from one molecule, H from another, form bond between two molecules • Discarded atoms can join to form water Hydrolysis • A type of cleavage reaction • Breaks polymers into smaller units • Enzymes split molecules into two or more parts • An -OH group ...
... • Form polymers from subunits • Enzymes remove -OH from one molecule, H from another, form bond between two molecules • Discarded atoms can join to form water Hydrolysis • A type of cleavage reaction • Breaks polymers into smaller units • Enzymes split molecules into two or more parts • An -OH group ...
Chapter 1 Notes - Social Circle City Schools
... Energy is released from ATP when the terminal phosphate bond is broken ATP ADP + Pi + Energy - work is accomplished by phosphorylation - the transferring of the Pi to another molecule (ex. channel protein) ...
... Energy is released from ATP when the terminal phosphate bond is broken ATP ADP + Pi + Energy - work is accomplished by phosphorylation - the transferring of the Pi to another molecule (ex. channel protein) ...
Anaerobic Energy Systems
... 1. Identify each of the energy systems A, B and C. 2. Explain how the differing energy sources of these systems are used during: (i) a series of javelin throws; (ii) a long-distance run of increasing intensity. 1. A- ATP-PC/phosphocreatine system/ATP system/alactic system; B – lactate/lactic aci ...
... 1. Identify each of the energy systems A, B and C. 2. Explain how the differing energy sources of these systems are used during: (i) a series of javelin throws; (ii) a long-distance run of increasing intensity. 1. A- ATP-PC/phosphocreatine system/ATP system/alactic system; B – lactate/lactic aci ...
1 - Rosshall Academy
... State that carbohydrates are compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two to one. ...
... State that carbohydrates are compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two to one. ...
1 - VCOMcc
... 29. One primary difference between consuming a meal containing carbohydrates and protein versus a protein-only meal is a. insulin increases the absorption of amino acids by intestinal epithelial cells. b. the presence of glucagon increases the absorption of amino acids by muscle cells. c. intestinal ...
... 29. One primary difference between consuming a meal containing carbohydrates and protein versus a protein-only meal is a. insulin increases the absorption of amino acids by intestinal epithelial cells. b. the presence of glucagon increases the absorption of amino acids by muscle cells. c. intestinal ...
medbiochem exam 1, 2000
... D. Substrate level phosphorylation of ADP. E. Formation of NADH from NAD+. 28. ATP is considered to be the universal source of energy for endergonic reactions but is not the storage form of energy under physiological conditions. Why? A. The actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is only -11 to -12 ...
... D. Substrate level phosphorylation of ADP. E. Formation of NADH from NAD+. 28. ATP is considered to be the universal source of energy for endergonic reactions but is not the storage form of energy under physiological conditions. Why? A. The actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is only -11 to -12 ...
Yeast Nutrition and Fermentation Progression
... Oxidative substrates: pyruvate, acetate, lactate, glycerol, ethanol See dynamic changes in concentrations in juice during fermentation, role in metabolism and growth not clear ...
... Oxidative substrates: pyruvate, acetate, lactate, glycerol, ethanol See dynamic changes in concentrations in juice during fermentation, role in metabolism and growth not clear ...
ch24a_wcr
... • Fate of lactic acid: – Some leaves cell and goes to liver • May be converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) • G6P stored as glycogen or de-phosphorylated to make glucose ...
... • Fate of lactic acid: – Some leaves cell and goes to liver • May be converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) • G6P stored as glycogen or de-phosphorylated to make glucose ...
1. Given the following metabolic pathway (as it occurs in the cell): a
... eukaryote. You begin by synthesizing glucose with 14C at position 1 and feeding it to the organism. Based on what you know about metabolism in other organisms, where would you expect this carbon to end up in the compounds shown at the right? Circle each carbon that could be labeled. ...
... eukaryote. You begin by synthesizing glucose with 14C at position 1 and feeding it to the organism. Based on what you know about metabolism in other organisms, where would you expect this carbon to end up in the compounds shown at the right? Circle each carbon that could be labeled. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑