The Michaelis-Menten equation
... these enzymes from potentially digesting the pancreas including: storage and packing in acidic media to inhibit enzyme activity synthesis and storage as inactive precursor forms. some of the enzymes that are stored in the pancreas before secretion as inactive precursor forms, then activated when the ...
... these enzymes from potentially digesting the pancreas including: storage and packing in acidic media to inhibit enzyme activity synthesis and storage as inactive precursor forms. some of the enzymes that are stored in the pancreas before secretion as inactive precursor forms, then activated when the ...
Lipid Metabolizması - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... very important structural (as major component of membrane structures) and functional role. In this part of discussion we will mainly focus of the digestion, transport and catabolism of triglycerides. Although other lipids like cholesterol, sphingolipids are important too but they will not be covered ...
... very important structural (as major component of membrane structures) and functional role. In this part of discussion we will mainly focus of the digestion, transport and catabolism of triglycerides. Although other lipids like cholesterol, sphingolipids are important too but they will not be covered ...
THE Macromolecules PowerPoint - Panhandle Area Educational
... to keep H’s and OH’s that you may remove in order to show that water is also a product of this reaction. ...
... to keep H’s and OH’s that you may remove in order to show that water is also a product of this reaction. ...
pogil
... 10. There are 20 naturally-occurring kinds of amino acid monomers, and each one only varies in the structure of the R side chain. What is the R side chain of the amino acid Alanine? 11. What are the three sub-parts of the nucleotide monomer? ...
... 10. There are 20 naturally-occurring kinds of amino acid monomers, and each one only varies in the structure of the R side chain. What is the R side chain of the amino acid Alanine? 11. What are the three sub-parts of the nucleotide monomer? ...
Evolution & organisation of metabolic Pathways
... mixtures of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates: fixed composition Reserve(s) do complicate model & implications & testing Reasons to delineate reserve, distinct from structure • metabolic memory • biomass composition depends on growth rate • explanation of respiration patterns (freshly laid eggs don’t ...
... mixtures of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates: fixed composition Reserve(s) do complicate model & implications & testing Reasons to delineate reserve, distinct from structure • metabolic memory • biomass composition depends on growth rate • explanation of respiration patterns (freshly laid eggs don’t ...
QUESTIONS
... A set of 3 bases, a codon, codes for each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Different combinations of these 20 amino acids (in sequence, number and type) result in thousands of different proteins and hence a huge range of ...
... A set of 3 bases, a codon, codes for each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Different combinations of these 20 amino acids (in sequence, number and type) result in thousands of different proteins and hence a huge range of ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... isocitrate by transferring two electrons to NAD+ to form NADH, and in the process, releasing CO2, it is activated by ADP and Ca2+ and inhibited by NADH and ATP. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - functionally similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase in that it is a multisubunit complex, requires the same five ...
... isocitrate by transferring two electrons to NAD+ to form NADH, and in the process, releasing CO2, it is activated by ADP and Ca2+ and inhibited by NADH and ATP. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - functionally similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase in that it is a multisubunit complex, requires the same five ...
Allosteric Regulation of an Enzyme
... How does a cell fine tune the activity of its enzymes? 9/12 and 9/14 How do cells control enzyme activity? • What is allosteric regulation? Can it stimulate or inhibit? • How does allosteric regulation control glycogen synthesis? • How can the products of a reaction pathway affect the enzymes that l ...
... How does a cell fine tune the activity of its enzymes? 9/12 and 9/14 How do cells control enzyme activity? • What is allosteric regulation? Can it stimulate or inhibit? • How does allosteric regulation control glycogen synthesis? • How can the products of a reaction pathway affect the enzymes that l ...
Chapter 8 notes
... In the fourth and final step, an enzyme called ______converts the remaining G3P molecules into 5-carbon molecules called ________1,5-bisphospates (RuBP). ...
... In the fourth and final step, an enzyme called ______converts the remaining G3P molecules into 5-carbon molecules called ________1,5-bisphospates (RuBP). ...
NADH - Cloudfront.net
... • Krebs Cycle: In the presence of O2, Pyruvic Acid oxidizes, the reduction of NAD+ to NADH, and FAD to FADH, and a small amount of ATP is made. • Krebs or the ETC. will only occur if, CO2, H2O and O2 are ALL ...
... • Krebs Cycle: In the presence of O2, Pyruvic Acid oxidizes, the reduction of NAD+ to NADH, and FAD to FADH, and a small amount of ATP is made. • Krebs or the ETC. will only occur if, CO2, H2O and O2 are ALL ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... 1. CR is how animal cells use oxygen to release chemical energy from food to generate cellular energy (ATP). 2. The chemical reactions in CR must occur in a particular sequence, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different (specific) enzyme. There are three major series of reactions: a. glycoly ...
... 1. CR is how animal cells use oxygen to release chemical energy from food to generate cellular energy (ATP). 2. The chemical reactions in CR must occur in a particular sequence, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different (specific) enzyme. There are three major series of reactions: a. glycoly ...
this lecture as PDF here
... Now photosystem I has + charge, can't supply any more electrons. Can't have this, so replace electrons from another photosystem II (see handout diagram), also energized by light. During this process, electrons flow through ETS system and make a proton gradient ( ------> ATP by chemiosmotic phosphory ...
... Now photosystem I has + charge, can't supply any more electrons. Can't have this, so replace electrons from another photosystem II (see handout diagram), also energized by light. During this process, electrons flow through ETS system and make a proton gradient ( ------> ATP by chemiosmotic phosphory ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
... An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose • In eukaryotes, glycolysis and fermentation occur in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria; pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respiratory chain operate in association with mitochondria. In prokaryotes, glycolysis, fermentation, and the ...
... An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose • In eukaryotes, glycolysis and fermentation occur in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria; pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respiratory chain operate in association with mitochondria. In prokaryotes, glycolysis, fermentation, and the ...
Session 2
... Glycolysis In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm during a process called glycolysis. As glucose is broken down, some of its hydrogen atoms are transferred to an electron acceptor called NAD+. This forms an electron carrier called NADH. ...
... Glycolysis In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm during a process called glycolysis. As glucose is broken down, some of its hydrogen atoms are transferred to an electron acceptor called NAD+. This forms an electron carrier called NADH. ...
StudyGuide_Biochemistry
... 4. What three elements must all carbohydrates contain? 5. What are the three types of carbohydrates? How are they different? Give an example of each. 6. How do plants get their carbohydrates? 7. What do plants do with those carbohydrates? 8. How do animals get their carbohydrates? 9. What happens to ...
... 4. What three elements must all carbohydrates contain? 5. What are the three types of carbohydrates? How are they different? Give an example of each. 6. How do plants get their carbohydrates? 7. What do plants do with those carbohydrates? 8. How do animals get their carbohydrates? 9. What happens to ...
Chapter 9
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to brea ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to brea ...
Biochemistry_Written_Tests.doc
... What is glycogenolysis? How is it regulated? a. The breakdown of glycogen into it's bulding blocks – glucose, glucose-1-P in order to replenish glucose supply in blood, regulated by hormones ...
... What is glycogenolysis? How is it regulated? a. The breakdown of glycogen into it's bulding blocks – glucose, glucose-1-P in order to replenish glucose supply in blood, regulated by hormones ...
AS Biology - TavistockCollegeScience
... It exists in long chains Chains lie side by side and hydrogen bonds form ...
... It exists in long chains Chains lie side by side and hydrogen bonds form ...
Chapter 2 Review PPT
... Neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom neutron Molecule such as glycogen, starch, or cellulose, made by joining many monosaccharide (sugar) molecules ...
... Neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom neutron Molecule such as glycogen, starch, or cellulose, made by joining many monosaccharide (sugar) molecules ...
Spring 2016 Practice Final Exam w/ solution
... He observed that the FAs are metabolized only in the presence of ATP. Concluded that FA has to be activated to commence -oxidation d (3 pts). Using appropriate chemical illustrations, explain why degradation of triacylglycerols in humans can be used to generate glucose via the gluconeogenic pathway ...
... He observed that the FAs are metabolized only in the presence of ATP. Concluded that FA has to be activated to commence -oxidation d (3 pts). Using appropriate chemical illustrations, explain why degradation of triacylglycerols in humans can be used to generate glucose via the gluconeogenic pathway ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑