III B.Sc. (CHEMISTRY) MODEL CURRICULUM FOR
... expansion of perfect gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible processes. State function. Temperature dependence of enthalpy of formation-Kirchoff’s equation. Second law of thermodynamics. Different Statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency. Carnot theorem. Concept of ...
... expansion of perfect gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible processes. State function. Temperature dependence of enthalpy of formation-Kirchoff’s equation. Second law of thermodynamics. Different Statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency. Carnot theorem. Concept of ...
Kevin Ahern's Biochemistry Course (BB 350) at Oregon State University
... enzyme catalyzes conversion of cis bonds between carbons 3 and 4 to trans bonds between carbons 2 and 3 so it can be oxidized in beta oxidation. Dina catalyzes conversion of two double bonds into one cis double bond between carbons 3 and 4, which is, in turn, converted to a trans between carbons 2 a ...
... enzyme catalyzes conversion of cis bonds between carbons 3 and 4 to trans bonds between carbons 2 and 3 so it can be oxidized in beta oxidation. Dina catalyzes conversion of two double bonds into one cis double bond between carbons 3 and 4, which is, in turn, converted to a trans between carbons 2 a ...
Blood Glucose
... about 3.3 to 7gm • 5 grams of glucose is about equivalent to a commercial sugar packet (as provided in many restaurants with coffee or tea). • Failure to maintain blood glucose in the normal range leads to conditions of persistently high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia) blood sugar. ...
... about 3.3 to 7gm • 5 grams of glucose is about equivalent to a commercial sugar packet (as provided in many restaurants with coffee or tea). • Failure to maintain blood glucose in the normal range leads to conditions of persistently high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia) blood sugar. ...
Ch 6- Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
... (applies to living systems). Cells- about 40% efficient. Energy transformations make systems disordered (entropy). ...
... (applies to living systems). Cells- about 40% efficient. Energy transformations make systems disordered (entropy). ...
Chapter 18 Glycolysis
... • Coupled reactions convert some some, but not all all, of the metabolic energy of glucose into ATP • Under U d cellular ll l conditions, diti approximately i t l 50% of the energy of released from glycolysis ...
... • Coupled reactions convert some some, but not all all, of the metabolic energy of glucose into ATP • Under U d cellular ll l conditions, diti approximately i t l 50% of the energy of released from glycolysis ...
From floppy infant to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC
... the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetylCoA (Fig. 3). PDHC deficiency is a rare disorder with an incidence between 0.06‰ (8) and 0.09‰ (9). Since most mutations are sporadic, the recurrence rate is very low (10, 11). Severe PDHC deficiency results in a shift towards increased lactate and ...
... the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetylCoA (Fig. 3). PDHC deficiency is a rare disorder with an incidence between 0.06‰ (8) and 0.09‰ (9). Since most mutations are sporadic, the recurrence rate is very low (10, 11). Severe PDHC deficiency results in a shift towards increased lactate and ...
Unit 1.1 Molecules.pps
... water can maintain a reasonably constant temperature (homeostasis) It has a high latent heat of vaporisation – so animals use water to cool themselves It is less dense as a solid (ice)… … and ice is a poor conductor Water is a good solvent It ...
... water can maintain a reasonably constant temperature (homeostasis) It has a high latent heat of vaporisation – so animals use water to cool themselves It is less dense as a solid (ice)… … and ice is a poor conductor Water is a good solvent It ...
MODULE 2
... A. It normally contains 0.08% of caffeine B. It normally contains 0.8% of caffeine C. It has a higher price than ordinary caffeine D. Both A and C E. Both B and C ...
... A. It normally contains 0.08% of caffeine B. It normally contains 0.8% of caffeine C. It has a higher price than ordinary caffeine D. Both A and C E. Both B and C ...
Molecules of Life
... ‘Conformation’ = the precise, detailed arrangement of atoms in a molecule. A molecule containing bonds around which atoms/groups can rotate may exist in many, different conformations. These are inter-convertible without breaking and re-forming covalent bonds ...
... ‘Conformation’ = the precise, detailed arrangement of atoms in a molecule. A molecule containing bonds around which atoms/groups can rotate may exist in many, different conformations. These are inter-convertible without breaking and re-forming covalent bonds ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... ‘Conformation’ = the precise, detailed arrangement of atoms in a molecule. A molecule containing bonds around which atoms/groups can rotate may exist in many, different conformations. These are inter-convertible without breaking and re-forming covalent bonds ...
... ‘Conformation’ = the precise, detailed arrangement of atoms in a molecule. A molecule containing bonds around which atoms/groups can rotate may exist in many, different conformations. These are inter-convertible without breaking and re-forming covalent bonds ...
Organic Compounds
... carbons double bonded to each other instead of to hydrogen atoms - that is, the carbons are NOT bound to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. causes the fatty acids to bend fatty acids like this cannot pack very tightly together because of this unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at ...
... carbons double bonded to each other instead of to hydrogen atoms - that is, the carbons are NOT bound to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. causes the fatty acids to bend fatty acids like this cannot pack very tightly together because of this unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at ...
Biological Macromolecules
... ► About 10% of people ages 12 to 19 have blood cholesterol levels, which put them at risk later in life for developing heart disease – the leading cause of death in the United States. ...
... ► About 10% of people ages 12 to 19 have blood cholesterol levels, which put them at risk later in life for developing heart disease – the leading cause of death in the United States. ...
Biological Macromolecules
... ► About 10% of people ages 12 to 19 have blood cholesterol levels, which put them at risk later in life for developing heart disease – the leading cause of death in the United States. ...
... ► About 10% of people ages 12 to 19 have blood cholesterol levels, which put them at risk later in life for developing heart disease – the leading cause of death in the United States. ...
3.-electron-transport-chain-ATP-synthesis
... • The bulk of ATP produced is because of ATP synthase (a membrane protein). • ATP synthase is driven by the return flow of H+ ions across the mitochondrial membrane. • This return flow of H+ ions rotates part of the membrane protein ATP synthase, catalysing the synthesis of ATP. ...
... • The bulk of ATP produced is because of ATP synthase (a membrane protein). • ATP synthase is driven by the return flow of H+ ions across the mitochondrial membrane. • This return flow of H+ ions rotates part of the membrane protein ATP synthase, catalysing the synthesis of ATP. ...
CHAPTER 6
... • Anabolic & catabolic pathways involving the same product are not the same enzymatic reactions • Some steps may be common to both, others must be different - to ensure that each pathway is spontaneous • This also allows regulation mechanisms to turn one pathway on and the other off ...
... • Anabolic & catabolic pathways involving the same product are not the same enzymatic reactions • Some steps may be common to both, others must be different - to ensure that each pathway is spontaneous • This also allows regulation mechanisms to turn one pathway on and the other off ...
Metabolism of ketonе bodies
... in some tissues Ketone bodies diffuse from the liver mitochondria into the blood and are transported to peripheral tissues. Ketone bodies are important molecules in energy metabolism. Heart muscle and the renal cortex use acetoacetate in preference to glucose in physiological conditions. The brain a ...
... in some tissues Ketone bodies diffuse from the liver mitochondria into the blood and are transported to peripheral tissues. Ketone bodies are important molecules in energy metabolism. Heart muscle and the renal cortex use acetoacetate in preference to glucose in physiological conditions. The brain a ...
Organic Compounds
... • Matter can only change forms • So, how does the Oxygen we breathe in end up changing into Carbon Dioxide? • How does the Carbon Dioxide we breathe out end up in the Glucose we need? ...
... • Matter can only change forms • So, how does the Oxygen we breathe in end up changing into Carbon Dioxide? • How does the Carbon Dioxide we breathe out end up in the Glucose we need? ...
Exam 3 Review Sheet Chemistry 1120 Spring 2003 Dr. Doug Harris
... Review the vitamins necessary to create the coenzymes NAD, FAD, and Co-A. Review the oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and FAD. Review the general reaction characteristics that involve NAD and FAD (ie. C-C forms C=C with the help of FAD). Review what is added/removed to/from each of the coenzymes du ...
... Review the vitamins necessary to create the coenzymes NAD, FAD, and Co-A. Review the oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and FAD. Review the general reaction characteristics that involve NAD and FAD (ie. C-C forms C=C with the help of FAD). Review what is added/removed to/from each of the coenzymes du ...
Why ATP?
... Because the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi differ from one cell type to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, AD ...
... Because the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi differ from one cell type to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, AD ...
shortmolecular-model-build-lab
... 4. Model successfully built: (teacher initials must be on each) Sucrose _______ 5. What is a disaccharide?_______________________________________________________________ 6. What is dehydration synthesis?________________________________________________________ 7. What is hydrolysis?__________________ ...
... 4. Model successfully built: (teacher initials must be on each) Sucrose _______ 5. What is a disaccharide?_______________________________________________________________ 6. What is dehydration synthesis?________________________________________________________ 7. What is hydrolysis?__________________ ...
Enzymes
... o added to serine, threonine, or tyrosine R groups - can cause a conformational change that activates or inactivates the protein - protein kinases; adds phosphate groups - protein phosphatases o remove phosphate group o can activate or inactivate protein o leaves inorganic phosphate (Pi), an ion Enz ...
... o added to serine, threonine, or tyrosine R groups - can cause a conformational change that activates or inactivates the protein - protein kinases; adds phosphate groups - protein phosphatases o remove phosphate group o can activate or inactivate protein o leaves inorganic phosphate (Pi), an ion Enz ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑