Exam 1 with Key
... quantitatively converted to choline and acetic acid (which dissociates to yield acetate and a hydrogen ion). In a typical analysis, 15 mL of an aqueous solution containing an unknown amount of acetylcholine had a pH of 7.65. When incubated with acetylcholinesterase, the pH of the solution decreased ...
... quantitatively converted to choline and acetic acid (which dissociates to yield acetate and a hydrogen ion). In a typical analysis, 15 mL of an aqueous solution containing an unknown amount of acetylcholine had a pH of 7.65. When incubated with acetylcholinesterase, the pH of the solution decreased ...
Organic Molecules
... carbohydrate which cannot be broken down into a sugar. Its molecular formula is C6H12O6, & the most common is glucose. ...
... carbohydrate which cannot be broken down into a sugar. Its molecular formula is C6H12O6, & the most common is glucose. ...
Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics
... energy within a living system. Energy is the capacity to do work. Aerobic reactions require oxygen. ...
... energy within a living system. Energy is the capacity to do work. Aerobic reactions require oxygen. ...
Autotrophs vs - Manhasset Public Schools
... One product of photosynthesis is _____________, which is released into the air and used by ___________________. Plants also create ______________, which is used by the plants to help them obtain the proper nutrients to grow. _______________ is stored in these food molecules, which is eventually rele ...
... One product of photosynthesis is _____________, which is released into the air and used by ___________________. Plants also create ______________, which is used by the plants to help them obtain the proper nutrients to grow. _______________ is stored in these food molecules, which is eventually rele ...
chemical reactions
... Treatment of PKU is the elimination of phenylalanine from the diet. Phenylalanine is commonly found in protein-containing foods such as meat. Babies who are diagnosed with PKU must immediately be put on a special milk/formula substitute. Later in life, the diet is mainly vegetarian. ...
... Treatment of PKU is the elimination of phenylalanine from the diet. Phenylalanine is commonly found in protein-containing foods such as meat. Babies who are diagnosed with PKU must immediately be put on a special milk/formula substitute. Later in life, the diet is mainly vegetarian. ...
ATP and Energetics of Metabolism
... energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • DGo’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative DGo’ means equilibrium ...
... energy of the reaction • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • DGo’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative DGo’ means equilibrium ...
File
... My hypothesis should be rejected, as my initial presumption of the rate of respiration in germinating peas was incorrect. From this experiment, we can see from the germinating peas in the 20-degree waterbath that, over time, the rate of oxygen consumed increases. However, I was correct in thinking t ...
... My hypothesis should be rejected, as my initial presumption of the rate of respiration in germinating peas was incorrect. From this experiment, we can see from the germinating peas in the 20-degree waterbath that, over time, the rate of oxygen consumed increases. However, I was correct in thinking t ...
Instructor notes
... The only metabolism present in all forms of life on Earth is glycolysis, which is a type of fermentation (heterotrophy). A glucose molecule is broken down and energy released. That energy is then used by a cell to form 2 ATP molecules. Requires glucose (why glucose?). Glucose is the least susceptibl ...
... The only metabolism present in all forms of life on Earth is glycolysis, which is a type of fermentation (heterotrophy). A glucose molecule is broken down and energy released. That energy is then used by a cell to form 2 ATP molecules. Requires glucose (why glucose?). Glucose is the least susceptibl ...
coupling membrane
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
Anaerobic Energy Systems
... 1. Identify each of the energy systems A, B and C. 2. Explain how the differing energy sources of these systems are used during: (i) a series of javelin throws; (ii) a long-distance run of increasing intensity. 1. A- ATP-PC/phosphocreatine system/ATP system/alactic system; B – lactate/lactic aci ...
... 1. Identify each of the energy systems A, B and C. 2. Explain how the differing energy sources of these systems are used during: (i) a series of javelin throws; (ii) a long-distance run of increasing intensity. 1. A- ATP-PC/phosphocreatine system/ATP system/alactic system; B – lactate/lactic aci ...
Human Physiology Quiz Questions: 1) Purines degrade into what
... 8) What two membrane transporters absorb monosaccharides into the absorptive cell? 9) What is ‘gluconeogenesis’? 10) What causes salivary amylase inactivation? 11) What two monosaccharides is sucrose made up of and what enzyme digests sucrose? 12) What two monosaccharides is maltose made up of and w ...
... 8) What two membrane transporters absorb monosaccharides into the absorptive cell? 9) What is ‘gluconeogenesis’? 10) What causes salivary amylase inactivation? 11) What two monosaccharides is sucrose made up of and what enzyme digests sucrose? 12) What two monosaccharides is maltose made up of and w ...
How Cells Obtain and Use Glucose Modeled with AgentSheets
... statements will help students when they are learning logic in math classes. ...
... statements will help students when they are learning logic in math classes. ...
Organic Compounds
... When these bonds are broken, energy is released This energy is then available to use ○ Cellular respiration converts this energy to a usable form! ...
... When these bonds are broken, energy is released This energy is then available to use ○ Cellular respiration converts this energy to a usable form! ...
10.25-11.3.11 Glycolysis
... by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, and now, through metabolism, we are going to make EVEN MORE ATP. •Under these conditions, thermodynamics wants the system instea ...
... by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, and now, through metabolism, we are going to make EVEN MORE ATP. •Under these conditions, thermodynamics wants the system instea ...
Synthesis of Triacylglycerols and Glycerophospholipids
... phosphorylated by protein kinase A; removal of phosphate group catalyzed by protein phosphatase 2A). Citrate is an allosteric activator, but its biological relevance has not ...
... phosphorylated by protein kinase A; removal of phosphate group catalyzed by protein phosphatase 2A). Citrate is an allosteric activator, but its biological relevance has not ...
February: the fatigue, the enemy of the athlete
... for optimal energy production. In certain cell types such as muscle, the amount of NADH is higher, because they require more energy. For this reason began to be used as complementary therapy in situations in which muscle fatigue is evident. Among the different effects of NADH, two stand out for thei ...
... for optimal energy production. In certain cell types such as muscle, the amount of NADH is higher, because they require more energy. For this reason began to be used as complementary therapy in situations in which muscle fatigue is evident. Among the different effects of NADH, two stand out for thei ...
ATP
... Reduces rate of photosynthesis / increases rate of photorespiration Less Rubisco available for CO 2 / more oxygen competing with CO2 for Rubisco More O2 binding to Rubisco O2 outcompetes CO2 for Rubisco Less CO2 fixation / for Calvin cycle CO2 given off Less GP / TP, produced Less RuBP, regenerated ...
... Reduces rate of photosynthesis / increases rate of photorespiration Less Rubisco available for CO 2 / more oxygen competing with CO2 for Rubisco More O2 binding to Rubisco O2 outcompetes CO2 for Rubisco Less CO2 fixation / for Calvin cycle CO2 given off Less GP / TP, produced Less RuBP, regenerated ...
reading - Science with Ms. Wang
... important because they contain a great deal of chemical energy. When the chemical bonds in carbohydrate molecules are broken, energy is released. Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars, are the simplest carbohydrates and can contain 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are the ...
... important because they contain a great deal of chemical energy. When the chemical bonds in carbohydrate molecules are broken, energy is released. Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars, are the simplest carbohydrates and can contain 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are the ...
Red Blood Cell Metabolism: Objectives
... b. Prevents the excessive accumulation of ATP i. By acting as an effector for phosphofructokinase 1. Which prevents the inhibition of glycolysis c. Regulates its own synthesis i. Inhibited by excess 2,3-DPG…inhibits enzyme: diphosphoglycerate mutase d. Can constitute 70% of the organic phosphate in ...
... b. Prevents the excessive accumulation of ATP i. By acting as an effector for phosphofructokinase 1. Which prevents the inhibition of glycolysis c. Regulates its own synthesis i. Inhibited by excess 2,3-DPG…inhibits enzyme: diphosphoglycerate mutase d. Can constitute 70% of the organic phosphate in ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... 10. The surface of water behaves like any stretched membrane. In other words, when it is ruptured at any point it shrinks away. This property is known as surface tension. Some substances such as oil, grease or detergents have the property of reducing the surface tension when added to water. When we ...
... 10. The surface of water behaves like any stretched membrane. In other words, when it is ruptured at any point it shrinks away. This property is known as surface tension. Some substances such as oil, grease or detergents have the property of reducing the surface tension when added to water. When we ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑