Kinesin Microtubule Gliding Assay 1. Make labeled microtubules
... 1) If you have a very slow moving motor it can be useful to flow in just MTs diluted in BCB and allow them to bind (turn coverslip face down and wait a few minutes). Then flow in motility mix containing everything except MTs. This will reduce the background fluorescence and prevent extra MTs binding ...
... 1) If you have a very slow moving motor it can be useful to flow in just MTs diluted in BCB and allow them to bind (turn coverslip face down and wait a few minutes). Then flow in motility mix containing everything except MTs. This will reduce the background fluorescence and prevent extra MTs binding ...
Chapter 17 - Amino Acid Metabolism
... •The others are classed as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained in the diet ...
... •The others are classed as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained in the diet ...
Examination test of Proteins The repeating units of proteins are
... 5. Which of the following compounds is responsible for coordinated regulation of glucose ...
... 5. Which of the following compounds is responsible for coordinated regulation of glucose ...
6-APA - Teknologi Industri Pertanian
... Reaction of acrylonitrile with water in the presence of H2SO4 (90 oC) or a metal catalyst (80-140 oC) Formation of toxic waste (HCN) The reaction must be stopped to prevent the acrylamide itself being converted to acrylic acid ...
... Reaction of acrylonitrile with water in the presence of H2SO4 (90 oC) or a metal catalyst (80-140 oC) Formation of toxic waste (HCN) The reaction must be stopped to prevent the acrylamide itself being converted to acrylic acid ...
Visualizing Macromolecules
... combinations are possible? ________________. Determine the number of different combinations of a tetrapeptide? ____________________________ . Clearly the number of possible combinations is almost infinite when larger numbers of amino acids are combined to form a polypeptide. 3. What is PRIMARY STRUC ...
... combinations are possible? ________________. Determine the number of different combinations of a tetrapeptide? ____________________________ . Clearly the number of possible combinations is almost infinite when larger numbers of amino acids are combined to form a polypeptide. 3. What is PRIMARY STRUC ...
Chapter 22b
... • Hypothalamic thermostat, routes and mechanisms of heat loss, shivering thermogenesis and nonshivering thermogenesis ...
... • Hypothalamic thermostat, routes and mechanisms of heat loss, shivering thermogenesis and nonshivering thermogenesis ...
Hans Adolf Krebs (2)
... In the poisoned system, only one pyruvate could be oxidized per one oxaloacetate molecule ...
... In the poisoned system, only one pyruvate could be oxidized per one oxaloacetate molecule ...
Document
... Cellular Respiration Breakdown of glucose; very exergonic The source of ATP energy in cells Overall reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O -686Kcal ...
... Cellular Respiration Breakdown of glucose; very exergonic The source of ATP energy in cells Overall reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O -686Kcal ...
Muscle Metabolic Adaptation to Exercise
... Cori cycle : lactate release from sk.m, uptake by liver and conversion to glucose by gluconeogenesis and release back into the blood for uptake by muscle is called Cori cycle. ...
... Cori cycle : lactate release from sk.m, uptake by liver and conversion to glucose by gluconeogenesis and release back into the blood for uptake by muscle is called Cori cycle. ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP: Energy
... • Energy captured as one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 per acetyl group (These will act as energy carriers for the electron ...
... • Energy captured as one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 per acetyl group (These will act as energy carriers for the electron ...
Chem 331 ETS OxPhos Notes - University of San Diego Home Pages
... The glycerophosphate shuttle first reduces cytosolic dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to 3phosphoglycerate and NAD+. The 3-phosphoglycerate is oxidized by an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme, flavoprotein dehydrogenase, which introduces electrons directly into the ETS via FADH2. ...
... The glycerophosphate shuttle first reduces cytosolic dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to 3phosphoglycerate and NAD+. The 3-phosphoglycerate is oxidized by an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme, flavoprotein dehydrogenase, which introduces electrons directly into the ETS via FADH2. ...
INSULIN
... The transport of glucose from blood into different tissue cells is accomplished by the GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS (GLUT) • Insulin cannot enter the cells without these transporters (proteins). • GLUT 1-7 have been characterized. • Each GLUT has been evolved for a different task & a different tissue. • GLU ...
... The transport of glucose from blood into different tissue cells is accomplished by the GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS (GLUT) • Insulin cannot enter the cells without these transporters (proteins). • GLUT 1-7 have been characterized. • Each GLUT has been evolved for a different task & a different tissue. • GLU ...
Photosynthesis Chloroplasts Light Reactions (photons → NADPH +
... The most abundant protein in the biosphere! kcat ~3 s-1 Eight large (L) subunits (477 residues, encoded by chloroplast DNA) - catalytic site Eight small subunits (123 residues, specified by nuclear gene) - unknown function L8S8 composition rate-determining step is C3 H+ abstraction to generate enedi ...
... The most abundant protein in the biosphere! kcat ~3 s-1 Eight large (L) subunits (477 residues, encoded by chloroplast DNA) - catalytic site Eight small subunits (123 residues, specified by nuclear gene) - unknown function L8S8 composition rate-determining step is C3 H+ abstraction to generate enedi ...
emboj7600663-sup
... Corporation). Diffraction data for ADP- and ATP-bound complexes were collected with beamlines 19ID and 19BM in the Structural Biology Center at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne, IL). The data were processed with MOSFLM (Leslie, 1992) or HKL2000 (Otwinowski and W. Minor, 1997). The crystals exhibi ...
... Corporation). Diffraction data for ADP- and ATP-bound complexes were collected with beamlines 19ID and 19BM in the Structural Biology Center at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne, IL). The data were processed with MOSFLM (Leslie, 1992) or HKL2000 (Otwinowski and W. Minor, 1997). The crystals exhibi ...
Biochemistry of Nervous System
... • During hyperammonemia, ammonia can diffuse into the brain from the blood to neurons. • The ammonia is able to inhibit the glutaminase in neurons, thereby decreasing formation of glutamate in presynaptic neurons (not ...
... • During hyperammonemia, ammonia can diffuse into the brain from the blood to neurons. • The ammonia is able to inhibit the glutaminase in neurons, thereby decreasing formation of glutamate in presynaptic neurons (not ...
Alpha oxidation
... malonyl co A. 3. Mutase: Then the L-methyl malonyl coA is rearranged to form succinyl coA by Lmethyl malonyl coA mutase. The reaction needs vitamin B12 co-enzyme. 4. Then Succinyl coA enters TCA cycle, finally converted to oxaloacetate, and is used for gluconeogenesis. ...
... malonyl co A. 3. Mutase: Then the L-methyl malonyl coA is rearranged to form succinyl coA by Lmethyl malonyl coA mutase. The reaction needs vitamin B12 co-enzyme. 4. Then Succinyl coA enters TCA cycle, finally converted to oxaloacetate, and is used for gluconeogenesis. ...
Photosynthesis and Biosynthesis
... to the one used to illustrate noncyclic photophosphorylation described below, ATP is not being formed, so phosphorylation is not occurring. The anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria can capture light energy in the form of either ATP molecules or NADPH + H+ molecules, but not in both at the same time. The ...
... to the one used to illustrate noncyclic photophosphorylation described below, ATP is not being formed, so phosphorylation is not occurring. The anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria can capture light energy in the form of either ATP molecules or NADPH + H+ molecules, but not in both at the same time. The ...
Metabolic pathways File
... Born in 1916, Donald Nicholson graduated in chemistry in 1936. In 1946, after working for a large pharmaceutical firm, he moved to Leeds Medical School where he taught the metabolic reactions of bacteria. In the 1950s about 20 different pathways were known, and Dr Nicholson realised that it is only ...
... Born in 1916, Donald Nicholson graduated in chemistry in 1936. In 1946, after working for a large pharmaceutical firm, he moved to Leeds Medical School where he taught the metabolic reactions of bacteria. In the 1950s about 20 different pathways were known, and Dr Nicholson realised that it is only ...
BREATH OF LIFE
... Each cell of your body, including your muscle cells, gets energy from a molecule called ATP, which functions like a rechargeable battery. To recharge the ATP battery cells need to break down sugar. All living cells (plants, bacteria, fungi, animals) can break down sugar without oxygen in a process c ...
... Each cell of your body, including your muscle cells, gets energy from a molecule called ATP, which functions like a rechargeable battery. To recharge the ATP battery cells need to break down sugar. All living cells (plants, bacteria, fungi, animals) can break down sugar without oxygen in a process c ...
course outline - Department of LD
... Student must make at least 80% attendance in lecture and laboratory session There must be no eating or drinking in classrooms or laboratory Student must participate actively when placed to work in groups. All assignment must be submitted within the stipulated time. ...
... Student must make at least 80% attendance in lecture and laboratory session There must be no eating or drinking in classrooms or laboratory Student must participate actively when placed to work in groups. All assignment must be submitted within the stipulated time. ...
Lab 7 - Creighton Biology
... morphological and biochemical properties. For instance, some fibers contain many myofibrils but relatively few mitochondria; these fibers tend to produce a lot of force but rely on glycolytic (anaerobic) pathways for energy production. Other fibers have relatively high densities of mitochondria (at ...
... morphological and biochemical properties. For instance, some fibers contain many myofibrils but relatively few mitochondria; these fibers tend to produce a lot of force but rely on glycolytic (anaerobic) pathways for energy production. Other fibers have relatively high densities of mitochondria (at ...
Novel physiological and metabolic insights into the beneficial
... fermented glucose into lactate, formate and butyrate as previously described for the batch fermentation of this bacterium in YCFAG medium 8. Figure 2a summarizes the observed bacterial growth (right panel) as well as the profiles for glucose consumption and the production of butyrate, formate and ac ...
... fermented glucose into lactate, formate and butyrate as previously described for the batch fermentation of this bacterium in YCFAG medium 8. Figure 2a summarizes the observed bacterial growth (right panel) as well as the profiles for glucose consumption and the production of butyrate, formate and ac ...
Lactic Acid : Brief History
... of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine trip hosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. I ...
... of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine trip hosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. I ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑