The role of mitochondrial hexokinase II in ischemia - UvA-DARE
... a high specificity for glucose as substrate. This means that hexokinases are enzymes which phosphorylate glucose using ATP as the phosphoryl donor resulting in the product glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). This is the important first step of the glycolytic pathway as glucose is not able to diffuse out of ...
... a high specificity for glucose as substrate. This means that hexokinases are enzymes which phosphorylate glucose using ATP as the phosphoryl donor resulting in the product glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). This is the important first step of the glycolytic pathway as glucose is not able to diffuse out of ...
Enzymes
... • The digestion products, sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids, and dipeptides are able to enter the intestinal wall. • The amino acids and sugars then pass from the villi wall into the bloodstream and go to the liver. • Most of the fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are then reesterified and in ...
... • The digestion products, sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids, and dipeptides are able to enter the intestinal wall. • The amino acids and sugars then pass from the villi wall into the bloodstream and go to the liver. • Most of the fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are then reesterified and in ...
Enzymes of nucleotide biosynthesis: differences between intact and
... purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, but is this true for all cells? Our own recent studies [4] accord with those of others [5] and indicate that this does not apply to phytohaemagglutininstimulated T-lymphocytes, where expansion of the cytosolic pyrimidine nucleotide pool is up to 4-fold greater than ...
... purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, but is this true for all cells? Our own recent studies [4] accord with those of others [5] and indicate that this does not apply to phytohaemagglutininstimulated T-lymphocytes, where expansion of the cytosolic pyrimidine nucleotide pool is up to 4-fold greater than ...
Name - chem.uwec.edu
... pencil (NOT ink pen). Selecting more than one choices or no selection for a problem will be counted wrong. ...
... pencil (NOT ink pen). Selecting more than one choices or no selection for a problem will be counted wrong. ...
Bacterial enzymes that can deglycate glucose
... Amadori product of glucose-modified protein into fructosamine 3-phosphate [9]. Van Schaftingen and co-workers [7] cloned and fully characterized the enzyme, and reported that it had deglycating activity, resulting in 3-deoxyglucosone formation while regenerating the free lysine residue. Thus the pho ...
... Amadori product of glucose-modified protein into fructosamine 3-phosphate [9]. Van Schaftingen and co-workers [7] cloned and fully characterized the enzyme, and reported that it had deglycating activity, resulting in 3-deoxyglucosone formation while regenerating the free lysine residue. Thus the pho ...
Metabolism: the Degradation and Synthesis of Living Cells
... • Sir Arthur Harden and Hans von Euler-Chelpin, involvement of enzymes, coenzymes, and phosphorylated intermediates (Nobel Prize in 1929). ...
... • Sir Arthur Harden and Hans von Euler-Chelpin, involvement of enzymes, coenzymes, and phosphorylated intermediates (Nobel Prize in 1929). ...
Content Display : Unit 2 - Energy Metabolism : Lesson 1
... energy that had been stored in the protein molecules is liberated. In contrast, when skeletal muscles are being built up (such as during normal growth in childhood, or the hypertrophy that occurs with weight training), this is anabolism. Individual amino acids are bonded together in specific sequenc ...
... energy that had been stored in the protein molecules is liberated. In contrast, when skeletal muscles are being built up (such as during normal growth in childhood, or the hypertrophy that occurs with weight training), this is anabolism. Individual amino acids are bonded together in specific sequenc ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 30: Ion pumps in the membrane
... α 3β 3 module F1 was attached to a glass microscope slide. When provided with ATP, rotation could be observed directly. The angle of rotation per ATP hydrolysed was also determined by these experiments (Lehninger p.683, Fig. 19-24). When Fo and F1 associate together in the absence of an electrochemi ...
... α 3β 3 module F1 was attached to a glass microscope slide. When provided with ATP, rotation could be observed directly. The angle of rotation per ATP hydrolysed was also determined by these experiments (Lehninger p.683, Fig. 19-24). When Fo and F1 associate together in the absence of an electrochemi ...
Amino Acid Biosynthesis
... Synthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids • Most bacteria and plants (not mammals) synthesize all 20 common amino acids • Nonessential amino acids for mammals are usually derived from intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Amino acids with the largest energy requirements are usually ess ...
... Synthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids • Most bacteria and plants (not mammals) synthesize all 20 common amino acids • Nonessential amino acids for mammals are usually derived from intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Amino acids with the largest energy requirements are usually ess ...
17. Amino acids are precursors of many specialized biomolecules
... reductase is regulated for both its activity and substrate specificity • Two types of regulatory sites are present on the R1 subunits: one for substrate specificity and the other for overall enzyme activity. • At the substrate specificity site: when dATP or ATP binds, reduction of CDP and UDP is fav ...
... reductase is regulated for both its activity and substrate specificity • Two types of regulatory sites are present on the R1 subunits: one for substrate specificity and the other for overall enzyme activity. • At the substrate specificity site: when dATP or ATP binds, reduction of CDP and UDP is fav ...
Manganese orchestrates a metabolic shift leading to the increased
... attributed to its close ionic similarity to magnesium, an avid cation for monosaccharides and their phosphorylated derivatives (20). Some microbes have been shown to produce KG, a metabolite of significant industrial applications from different carbon sources (21). However, this is the first demonst ...
... attributed to its close ionic similarity to magnesium, an avid cation for monosaccharides and their phosphorylated derivatives (20). Some microbes have been shown to produce KG, a metabolite of significant industrial applications from different carbon sources (21). However, this is the first demonst ...
Biochemistry - Ursuline High School
... • Contain carbon atoms, exceptions are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide • Carbon has 4 electrons available to form 4 chemical bonds….therefore large molecules are easily formed using carbon as the backbone. • Large carbon based molecules are usually found as long chains or rings. ...
... • Contain carbon atoms, exceptions are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide • Carbon has 4 electrons available to form 4 chemical bonds….therefore large molecules are easily formed using carbon as the backbone. • Large carbon based molecules are usually found as long chains or rings. ...
Lecture 14
... 1. After the substrate binds Ser 195 nucleophilically attacks the scissile peptide bond to form a transition state complex called the tetrahedral intermediate (covalent catalysis) the imidazole His 52 takes up the proton Asp 102 is hydrogen bonded to His 57. Without Asp 102 the rate of catalysis is ...
... 1. After the substrate binds Ser 195 nucleophilically attacks the scissile peptide bond to form a transition state complex called the tetrahedral intermediate (covalent catalysis) the imidazole His 52 takes up the proton Asp 102 is hydrogen bonded to His 57. Without Asp 102 the rate of catalysis is ...
Biology 3A Exam 2 Study Guide The exam will consist of multiple
... everything on this list, this is by all means not everything on the exam. There may have been a few omissions, if so, please let us know and we'll include them as you could be tested on the stuff that's omitted. If you haven't started studying yet, what are you waiting for? Membrane: Know the comp ...
... everything on this list, this is by all means not everything on the exam. There may have been a few omissions, if so, please let us know and we'll include them as you could be tested on the stuff that's omitted. If you haven't started studying yet, what are you waiting for? Membrane: Know the comp ...
Enzymes - NVHSIntroBioPiper1
... While the enzyme and the substrate are joined, the enzyme catalyzes the reaction and converts the substrate to the product(s). ...
... While the enzyme and the substrate are joined, the enzyme catalyzes the reaction and converts the substrate to the product(s). ...
AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
... A URIDYL-REMOVING ENZYME RESULTS IN ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE CATALYZING ADENYLYLATION OF GLN SYNTHETASE ...
... A URIDYL-REMOVING ENZYME RESULTS IN ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE CATALYZING ADENYLYLATION OF GLN SYNTHETASE ...
macromolecules
... of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. • One function of polysaccharides is as an energy storage macromolecule that is hydrolyzed as needed. • Other polysaccharides serve as building materials for the cell or whole organism. • They are two types: ...
... of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. • One function of polysaccharides is as an energy storage macromolecule that is hydrolyzed as needed. • Other polysaccharides serve as building materials for the cell or whole organism. • They are two types: ...
Chapter 6-Photosynthesis
... (1) Without a concentration gradient, there would be no tendency for protons to move from the thylakoid into the stroma. As a result, ATP would not be made by ATP synthase. Also, there would be fewer protons in the stroma to combine with NADP and make NADPH. (2) Increasing the carbon dioxide concent ...
... (1) Without a concentration gradient, there would be no tendency for protons to move from the thylakoid into the stroma. As a result, ATP would not be made by ATP synthase. Also, there would be fewer protons in the stroma to combine with NADP and make NADPH. (2) Increasing the carbon dioxide concent ...
01 P⁄g. iniciales (Page 1)
... of two CO2 (or CO) molecules to form a two-carbon compound, from which reduced organic components are formed by nonautotrophic or anaplerotic carboxylation processes and other typical heterotrophic reactions [48]. The first reaction in this pathway is the reduction of carbon dioxide to CH3, which re ...
... of two CO2 (or CO) molecules to form a two-carbon compound, from which reduced organic components are formed by nonautotrophic or anaplerotic carboxylation processes and other typical heterotrophic reactions [48]. The first reaction in this pathway is the reduction of carbon dioxide to CH3, which re ...
BIOANALYTICAL/CLINICAL ANALYSIS
... URIC ACID + URICASE PEROXIDE + ALLANTOIN -Measure decrease in absorbance at 290nm of Uric Acid OR – Use o-dianisidine + Peroxide Red Color G. CREATININE ...
... URIC ACID + URICASE PEROXIDE + ALLANTOIN -Measure decrease in absorbance at 290nm of Uric Acid OR – Use o-dianisidine + Peroxide Red Color G. CREATININE ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑