biochem ch 20 [2-9
... reaction catalyzed by succinate thiokinase (succinyl-CoA synthetase in reverse reaction) Reaction is example of substrate-level phosphorylation (formation of high-energy phosphate bond where none previously existed without use of molecular O2 [not oxidative phosphorylation]) High-energy phosphat ...
... reaction catalyzed by succinate thiokinase (succinyl-CoA synthetase in reverse reaction) Reaction is example of substrate-level phosphorylation (formation of high-energy phosphate bond where none previously existed without use of molecular O2 [not oxidative phosphorylation]) High-energy phosphat ...
Plasma Membrane Transporter Protein Mutations
... were present in kidney and gut epithelium. SGLT1 is shared by the kidney and gut, whereas SGLT2 functions predominantly in the kidney alone and causes renal glycosuria without glucose-galactose malabsorption (see Table 216-4 ). An insulin-responsive, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT4) is not ...
... were present in kidney and gut epithelium. SGLT1 is shared by the kidney and gut, whereas SGLT2 functions predominantly in the kidney alone and causes renal glycosuria without glucose-galactose malabsorption (see Table 216-4 ). An insulin-responsive, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT4) is not ...
Lipid Synthesis
... b. Stored and broken down for specific cell needs c. Why do cells go through process of making fatty acids? d. In developed nations, it’s not so critical, but it does occur in two different ways i. De novo synthesis – like making from scratch ii. Carbon lengthening of Palmitic acid and the formation ...
... b. Stored and broken down for specific cell needs c. Why do cells go through process of making fatty acids? d. In developed nations, it’s not so critical, but it does occur in two different ways i. De novo synthesis – like making from scratch ii. Carbon lengthening of Palmitic acid and the formation ...
Regulation
... • ACTH increases cholesterol uptake into mitochondrion • ACTH increases side-chain cleavage in mitochondrion, to produce pregnenolone ...
... • ACTH increases cholesterol uptake into mitochondrion • ACTH increases side-chain cleavage in mitochondrion, to produce pregnenolone ...
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins Structure and Function
... Just as double sugars were formed from two single sugar molecules using a dehydration synthesis reaction, polysaccharides and water are formed when many single sugars are chemically joined together. The prefix “poly-” means many. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three most common polysacchari ...
... Just as double sugars were formed from two single sugar molecules using a dehydration synthesis reaction, polysaccharides and water are formed when many single sugars are chemically joined together. The prefix “poly-” means many. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three most common polysacchari ...
2 C
... What would happen if the leptin receptors in the hypothalamus did not respond to leptin? This is likely one of the causes of obesity. Obese people have leptin levels that are higher than the quantity of adipose tissue would predict. It is likely that the hypothalamus is not responding to the signal ...
... What would happen if the leptin receptors in the hypothalamus did not respond to leptin? This is likely one of the causes of obesity. Obese people have leptin levels that are higher than the quantity of adipose tissue would predict. It is likely that the hypothalamus is not responding to the signal ...
substrate
... C. Which type of reaction releases energy? D. Which type of reaction would have a positive value for G? ...
... C. Which type of reaction releases energy? D. Which type of reaction would have a positive value for G? ...
Metabolism - Catabolism of Proteins & Fats Lecture PowerPoint
... • Images used on this resource, and on the SPO website are, wherever possible, credited and linked to their source. Any words underlined and appearing in blue are links that can be clicked on for more information. PowerPoints must be viewed in slide show mode to use the hyperlinks directly. • Severa ...
... • Images used on this resource, and on the SPO website are, wherever possible, credited and linked to their source. Any words underlined and appearing in blue are links that can be clicked on for more information. PowerPoints must be viewed in slide show mode to use the hyperlinks directly. • Severa ...
Pantethine is the very reason the body needs B5 in the first place
... food stores, some companies are selling it, and many Pantethine products contain far too little Pantethine to be effective. Further, some products are confusingly labeled; making it difficult for consumers to tell how much active Pantethine ion is really in them. Some products, for instance, contain ...
... food stores, some companies are selling it, and many Pantethine products contain far too little Pantethine to be effective. Further, some products are confusingly labeled; making it difficult for consumers to tell how much active Pantethine ion is really in them. Some products, for instance, contain ...
Chapt 8 Energetics notes - Kasson
... • Anaerobic: Getting ( a little) energy out of food molecules without oxygen – Fermentation does this ...
... • Anaerobic: Getting ( a little) energy out of food molecules without oxygen – Fermentation does this ...
Lab #8
... to the flavor of milk chocolate. The Maillard reaction is also important in the production of caramels, toffees, and fudges, during which reducing sugars also react with milk proteins. D-Glucose undergoes the browning reaction faster than does D-fructose. Application of heat is generally required fo ...
... to the flavor of milk chocolate. The Maillard reaction is also important in the production of caramels, toffees, and fudges, during which reducing sugars also react with milk proteins. D-Glucose undergoes the browning reaction faster than does D-fructose. Application of heat is generally required fo ...
CITRIN DEFICIENCY
... WHY DOES CITRIN DEFICIENCY INTERFERE IN GLYCOLYSIS? Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose sugar) is responsible for oxidizing glucose in order to produce energy (as ATP) for the cell. Citrin deficiency may cause the glycolysis impairment due to an increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD relationship, leading ...
... WHY DOES CITRIN DEFICIENCY INTERFERE IN GLYCOLYSIS? Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose sugar) is responsible for oxidizing glucose in order to produce energy (as ATP) for the cell. Citrin deficiency may cause the glycolysis impairment due to an increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD relationship, leading ...
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
... 2. Explore: Drag each molecule from the CHEMICALS pane to the RESPIRATION pane. Which molecules are reactants in cellular respiration? ______________________________ 3. Observe: Click Next. What happens in the cytoplasm? _____________________________ _________________________________________________ ...
... 2. Explore: Drag each molecule from the CHEMICALS pane to the RESPIRATION pane. Which molecules are reactants in cellular respiration? ______________________________ 3. Observe: Click Next. What happens in the cytoplasm? _____________________________ _________________________________________________ ...
fermentation?
... The formulation of fermentation medium affects The yield rate and product profile. The medium must provide the necessary amount of carbon,nitrogen ,trace elements and micronutrients(e.g. Vitamins for microorganisms) Specific types of carbon and nitrogen sources may be ...
... The formulation of fermentation medium affects The yield rate and product profile. The medium must provide the necessary amount of carbon,nitrogen ,trace elements and micronutrients(e.g. Vitamins for microorganisms) Specific types of carbon and nitrogen sources may be ...
Grade 9 Chemistry – Unit Plan - HSBIOLOGY-PHYSICS-2010
... Teacher outlines Cellular Respiration Poster Assignment (due later- Refer to Appendix ...
... Teacher outlines Cellular Respiration Poster Assignment (due later- Refer to Appendix ...
Sources of enzyme
... Microbial enzymes are produced by methods which can be scaled up easily Recombinant DNA technology now provides the means to produce many different enzymes, including those not normally synthesized by microorganisms or permanent cell lines, in bacteria, yeast and cultured cells. ...
... Microbial enzymes are produced by methods which can be scaled up easily Recombinant DNA technology now provides the means to produce many different enzymes, including those not normally synthesized by microorganisms or permanent cell lines, in bacteria, yeast and cultured cells. ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... stored as Fatty Acids (FA’s) FA’s are assembled into more complex lipids like triglycerides (TG’s) ...
... stored as Fatty Acids (FA’s) FA’s are assembled into more complex lipids like triglycerides (TG’s) ...
Enzymatic features of the glucose metabolism in tumor cells
... (d) Enforced pyruvate production An increase of lactate concentration through enhanced aerobic glycolysis is paralleled by an increase of pyruvate concentration as both metabolites are directly coupled by an equilibrium reaction catalyzed by LDH (see reaction 14 in Fig. 1). Pyruvate and other ketoac ...
... (d) Enforced pyruvate production An increase of lactate concentration through enhanced aerobic glycolysis is paralleled by an increase of pyruvate concentration as both metabolites are directly coupled by an equilibrium reaction catalyzed by LDH (see reaction 14 in Fig. 1). Pyruvate and other ketoac ...
The new trend in Bodybuilding
... So, what happens to glycogen when you train? Off course, it’s used… but how? Apparently you can produce energy from high energetic compounds found within the cell called phosphagen, to make this easier we are talking of ATP/CP (meaning CP, creatine phosphate). The big problem is that you can only ma ...
... So, what happens to glycogen when you train? Off course, it’s used… but how? Apparently you can produce energy from high energetic compounds found within the cell called phosphagen, to make this easier we are talking of ATP/CP (meaning CP, creatine phosphate). The big problem is that you can only ma ...
Monosaccharides
... the oxidized sugar and a reduced metal. All these reactions serve as simple chemical tests for identification of reducing sugars (reducing because the sugar reduces the metal). ...
... the oxidized sugar and a reduced metal. All these reactions serve as simple chemical tests for identification of reducing sugars (reducing because the sugar reduces the metal). ...
Pantothenic Acid - Pure Encapsulations
... Nutrient Metabolism and Organ Function: Pantothenic acid is a precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), an important cofactor and acyl group carrier in cells. One of the main functions for CoA is the formation of acetyl-CoA, vital for cellular respiration and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids thr ...
... Nutrient Metabolism and Organ Function: Pantothenic acid is a precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), an important cofactor and acyl group carrier in cells. One of the main functions for CoA is the formation of acetyl-CoA, vital for cellular respiration and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids thr ...
Nucleotides: Be able to differentiate between a purine ring and a
... why is this called a dinucleotide? because there are two entire nucleotide moieties in the molecule. One of the nitrogenous bases is adenine (so one of the nucleotides is adenosine monophosphate) and the other nitrogenous base is nicotinamide. a closely related molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinuc ...
... why is this called a dinucleotide? because there are two entire nucleotide moieties in the molecule. One of the nitrogenous bases is adenine (so one of the nucleotides is adenosine monophosphate) and the other nitrogenous base is nicotinamide. a closely related molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinuc ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑