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Chemical Equilibria - Beck-Shop
Chemical Equilibria - Beck-Shop

... Q: Why are the terms involving solids and liquids not included in the equilibrium constant expression for heterogeneous equilibrium? A: For a given temperature, the saturated vapour pressures of solids (and that of liquids) are constant. In addition, even though their actual amounts may change, both ...
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... expression CnH2n+2. The structural formula, shown for the first five alkanes in the table, shows each carbon atom and the elements that are attached to it. This structural formula is important when we begin to discuss more complex hydrocarbons. The simple alkanes share many properties in common. All ...
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Chapter 3 Stoichiometry STOICHIOMETRY: The chemical arithmetic

... • Chemical Reactions do not always go the way we expect them to • Using stoichiometry we can calculate the theoretical (Maximum) amount of product formed in a reaction. ...
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Chapter 8

... There are three types of yields we can define for a chemical reaction. Theoretical yield - The maximum amount of product that can be formed from the starting materials used in the reaction. Actual yield - The observed yield for a chemical reaction. Percent yield - The percent of the theoretical yiel ...
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... two enantiomers obtained must be separated if they are to be used in biological applications. This is not an easy task. Two enantiomers have the same physical properties, so they cannot be separated by common physical methods, such as distillation or chromatography. Moreover, they react in the same ...
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... All of the reactions were carried out at room temperature under air in a 25 mL flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. A solution of NaIO4 (2 mmol) in H2O (10 mL) was added to a mixture of alkene or alkane (1 mmol), Mn(Br8TPPS)-Ad 400 (11 mol) and imidazole (0.2 mmol) in CH3CN (10 mL). The pro ...
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... The third condition that must be met for a reaction to occur is that the orientation of the collision must allow for the breaking and forming of bonds necessary to form products. For example, chloride ions react with the cationic species C(CH3)31 to form 2-chloro-2-methyl propane. If the chloride io ...
Chapter 7. Alcohols, Thiols, Phenols, Ethers
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... functional groups contain two pairs of non-bonding electrons and are the cornerstone of many organic processes. The structures for alcohols, phenols, thiols, ethers and thioethers are shown below. Alkyl-OH alcohol ...
New Applications for Sulfur-Based Leaving Groups in Synthesis
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Asymmetric induction



Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric induction makes use of a chiral center bound to the reactive center through a covalent bond and remains so during the reaction. The starting material is often derived from chiral pool synthesis. In relayed asymmetric induction the chiral information is introduced in a separate step and removed again in a separate chemical reaction. Special synthons are called chiral auxiliaries. In external asymmetric induction chiral information is introduced in the transition state through a catalyst of chiral ligand. This method of asymmetric synthesis is economically most desirable.
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