![ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008573222_1-34a475f3457381ad1393ddf3404a6429-300x300.png)
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... Unless otherwise indicated, statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test with a level of significance of P ⬍ 0.05. Data are presented as means ⫾ SE. RESULTS ...
... Unless otherwise indicated, statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test with a level of significance of P ⬍ 0.05. Data are presented as means ⫾ SE. RESULTS ...
The Neuroscientist
... according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high” (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] 1994). In addition to forming the basis for music, pitch cues can be used to identify a speaker (Gelfer and Mikos 2005; Smith and others 2005) or determine the speakers’ emotional stat ...
... according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high” (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] 1994). In addition to forming the basis for music, pitch cues can be used to identify a speaker (Gelfer and Mikos 2005; Smith and others 2005) or determine the speakers’ emotional stat ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... behavioral responses are appropriate when anticipating a rewarding or punishing event than when experiencing it. If stimulus substitution were to be the only mechanism in place then a CS would be indistinguishable from the UCS from the point of view of the animal. Thus, a light cue predicting food w ...
... behavioral responses are appropriate when anticipating a rewarding or punishing event than when experiencing it. If stimulus substitution were to be the only mechanism in place then a CS would be indistinguishable from the UCS from the point of view of the animal. Thus, a light cue predicting food w ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - sensory input having no previous correlation with a response but which becomes associated with it. E.g. Pavlov’s bell. Keith L. Downing ...
... Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - sensory input having no previous correlation with a response but which becomes associated with it. E.g. Pavlov’s bell. Keith L. Downing ...
FREE Sample Here - We can offer most test bank and
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly unique to scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by w ...
... such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly unique to scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by w ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... in Fan et al. (1996)). Sim1 is expressed in the developing hypothalamus, including cells of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), anterior periventricular nucleus (aPV), and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Genetic analysis of Sim1 homozygous mutant mice revealed an absence of the PVN, aPV, and SON and implic ...
... in Fan et al. (1996)). Sim1 is expressed in the developing hypothalamus, including cells of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), anterior periventricular nucleus (aPV), and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Genetic analysis of Sim1 homozygous mutant mice revealed an absence of the PVN, aPV, and SON and implic ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... (bursting and tonic) are recognized to serve two basic functions: the bursting mode implies a functional disconnection from the outside world, since it is produced through intrinsic neuronal membrane properties which do not reflect the attributes of the sensory signals; the tonic or transfer mode al ...
... (bursting and tonic) are recognized to serve two basic functions: the bursting mode implies a functional disconnection from the outside world, since it is produced through intrinsic neuronal membrane properties which do not reflect the attributes of the sensory signals; the tonic or transfer mode al ...
Document
... Why Do We Sleep? Section Summary Why Do We Sleep? • Fatal familial insomnia is an inherited disease that results in degeneration of parts of the thalamus, deficits in attention and memory, a dreamlike state, loss of control of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, insomnia, and dea ...
... Why Do We Sleep? Section Summary Why Do We Sleep? • Fatal familial insomnia is an inherited disease that results in degeneration of parts of the thalamus, deficits in attention and memory, a dreamlike state, loss of control of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, insomnia, and dea ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... on the mechanisms by which hypothalamic neurons process multiple signals and produce an integrated response. We illustrate our research strategy by reviewing our work on two separate neural systems: the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We have focused ...
... on the mechanisms by which hypothalamic neurons process multiple signals and produce an integrated response. We illustrate our research strategy by reviewing our work on two separate neural systems: the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We have focused ...
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
... movement was effective in triggering a given neuron. For discussion of this testing method see Rizzolatti et al. (1988). Some neurons were further studied by using a testing box placed in front of the monkey. The front door of the box was formed by a one-way mirror which, during the intertrial perio ...
... movement was effective in triggering a given neuron. For discussion of this testing method see Rizzolatti et al. (1988). Some neurons were further studied by using a testing box placed in front of the monkey. The front door of the box was formed by a one-way mirror which, during the intertrial perio ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... The axonal arbors of single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were visualized with a viral vector expressing membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein in rat brain. All eight reconstructed tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons possessed widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizat ...
... The axonal arbors of single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were visualized with a viral vector expressing membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein in rat brain. All eight reconstructed tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons possessed widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizat ...
Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents
... Because almost all thalamic neurons projected to ipsilateral hemispheres (Donoghue and Parham 1983), a mixture of palGFP- and pal-mRFP-expressing Sindbis viral vectors was injected at an adequate dilution into both hemispheres of 70 rat brains (140 hemispheres) as reported previously (Ohno et al. 20 ...
... Because almost all thalamic neurons projected to ipsilateral hemispheres (Donoghue and Parham 1983), a mixture of palGFP- and pal-mRFP-expressing Sindbis viral vectors was injected at an adequate dilution into both hemispheres of 70 rat brains (140 hemispheres) as reported previously (Ohno et al. 20 ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... Segraves and Goldberg, 1987; Schall, 1991 b; Dassonville et al., 1992; Segraves, 1992). A number of studies have investigated FEF connectivity (reviewed by Leichnetz and Goldberg, 1988). This study departs from previous work in several ways. First. two or three tracers were injected simultaneously i ...
... Segraves and Goldberg, 1987; Schall, 1991 b; Dassonville et al., 1992; Segraves, 1992). A number of studies have investigated FEF connectivity (reviewed by Leichnetz and Goldberg, 1988). This study departs from previous work in several ways. First. two or three tracers were injected simultaneously i ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
On phenomenal character and Petri dishes
... Byrne & Tye 2006; Noë 2006). The idea that I might experience (say) the smell of coffee while my microphysical duplicate experiences the smell of a wet dog seems very implausible to most philosophers. To most of us, it still looks like phenomenal character has to be ‘in the head’. However, phenomena ...
... Byrne & Tye 2006; Noë 2006). The idea that I might experience (say) the smell of coffee while my microphysical duplicate experiences the smell of a wet dog seems very implausible to most philosophers. To most of us, it still looks like phenomenal character has to be ‘in the head’. However, phenomena ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... premotor neuron during fictive coughing in 7 of 10 pairs. SLN stimulation induced two types of fictive coughing. The laryngeal motor pattern of type A coughing consisted of the fictive inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and narrowing phases represented as shown in Figure 2Ca (Shiba et al., 1999). ...
... premotor neuron during fictive coughing in 7 of 10 pairs. SLN stimulation induced two types of fictive coughing. The laryngeal motor pattern of type A coughing consisted of the fictive inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and narrowing phases represented as shown in Figure 2Ca (Shiba et al., 1999). ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... (3.16 mg/kg/d, free base) for 6 d. ElectrophysFigure 1. Voluntary nicotine consumption elevates VTA DA neuronal activity. A, Nicotine self-administration in the NIC group iological recordings were performed 24 h after during a 2 month training under fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR2, ...
... (3.16 mg/kg/d, free base) for 6 d. ElectrophysFigure 1. Voluntary nicotine consumption elevates VTA DA neuronal activity. A, Nicotine self-administration in the NIC group iological recordings were performed 24 h after during a 2 month training under fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR2, ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... is, indeed, fundamental for the hypothesis that these neurons play a role in understanding the goal of motor acts. However, already in the early studies, some subcategories of mirror neurons, based on their specific visual properties, were identified. These subcategories included neurons showing sel ...
... is, indeed, fundamental for the hypothesis that these neurons play a role in understanding the goal of motor acts. However, already in the early studies, some subcategories of mirror neurons, based on their specific visual properties, were identified. These subcategories included neurons showing sel ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.