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... supervision of this work during my six years at the Embodied Intelligence Lab. I would like to thank professors George Stockman, Taosheng Liu and Fathi Salem for serving on my committee and providing useful and critical comments on this work. A special thanks goes to Dr. Stockman for being extremely ...
... supervision of this work during my six years at the Embodied Intelligence Lab. I would like to thank professors George Stockman, Taosheng Liu and Fathi Salem for serving on my committee and providing useful and critical comments on this work. A special thanks goes to Dr. Stockman for being extremely ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... The recording sites available in the human are necessarily limited to therapeutic targets, such as the STN, and recordings can be performed only in patients with abnormal movement control. The overall objective of the current work was to investigate functional connectivity using simultaneous recordi ...
... The recording sites available in the human are necessarily limited to therapeutic targets, such as the STN, and recordings can be performed only in patients with abnormal movement control. The overall objective of the current work was to investigate functional connectivity using simultaneous recordi ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... Endocrine hormones regulate neuronal function in the brain (A) Leptin and insulin bind to their specific receptors to regulate brain functions. Leptin and insulin activate POMC neurons and inhibit AgRP/NPY neurons to suppress feeding behaviour. Ghrelin on the other hand, activates AgRP/NPY neurons t ...
... Endocrine hormones regulate neuronal function in the brain (A) Leptin and insulin bind to their specific receptors to regulate brain functions. Leptin and insulin activate POMC neurons and inhibit AgRP/NPY neurons to suppress feeding behaviour. Ghrelin on the other hand, activates AgRP/NPY neurons t ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... together with arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the popul ...
... together with arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the popul ...
Chapter 3
... 1. __________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. a. Synapse cells b. Neurons c. Glial cells d. Terminal cells 2. What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide? a. Glial cells b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Myelin sheath d. ...
... 1. __________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. a. Synapse cells b. Neurons c. Glial cells d. Terminal cells 2. What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide? a. Glial cells b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Myelin sheath d. ...
The auditory cortex
... shown. It is important to note that all the topographies shown (1-6) and the excitation by contralateral and ipsilateral ear (EE) and excitation by contralateral and inhibition by ipsilateral ear (EI) clusters are superimposed on every isofrequency stripe that can be considered. For better visibilit ...
... shown. It is important to note that all the topographies shown (1-6) and the excitation by contralateral and ipsilateral ear (EE) and excitation by contralateral and inhibition by ipsilateral ear (EI) clusters are superimposed on every isofrequency stripe that can be considered. For better visibilit ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... typically made of glass or metal -- to record the number of action potentials a dopamine neuron generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” o ...
... typically made of glass or metal -- to record the number of action potentials a dopamine neuron generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” o ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... species exhibited the trilaminate pattern common to all mammals. Morphologically, neuron types in the cerebellar cortex were generally consistent with those described in primates (Fox et al., 1967) and rodents (Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974), although there was substantial quantitative variation across ...
... species exhibited the trilaminate pattern common to all mammals. Morphologically, neuron types in the cerebellar cortex were generally consistent with those described in primates (Fox et al., 1967) and rodents (Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974), although there was substantial quantitative variation across ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... but remained resistant to oxytocin actions. Thus, selective modulation of the NTS is achieved via variation in the oxytocin responsiveness of the second order NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brie ...
... but remained resistant to oxytocin actions. Thus, selective modulation of the NTS is achieved via variation in the oxytocin responsiveness of the second order NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brie ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... If indeed Zn is coreleasedwith synaptically releasedglutamate, it might not only modify the postsynaptic effects of glutamate during the brief exposuresassociatedwith normal synaptic transmission, but it could also importantly modify the neurotoxicity of extracellular glutamate during the prolonged ...
... If indeed Zn is coreleasedwith synaptically releasedglutamate, it might not only modify the postsynaptic effects of glutamate during the brief exposuresassociatedwith normal synaptic transmission, but it could also importantly modify the neurotoxicity of extracellular glutamate during the prolonged ...
Chapter 2
... microscopic level nor have the local axons from IC GABAergic neurons (see Section 4.2). Although the inputs to ICC have been identified at the electron microscopic level, their synaptic role in processing auditory information remains an area of intense interest. For example, it is unclear whether th ...
... microscopic level nor have the local axons from IC GABAergic neurons (see Section 4.2). Although the inputs to ICC have been identified at the electron microscopic level, their synaptic role in processing auditory information remains an area of intense interest. For example, it is unclear whether th ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... For single section analysis 1--4 pieces of tissue were cut from layer I from each case (total = 8 in 5 cases), and 1--3 pieces from the middle layers (total = 8 in 5 cases), representative of the labeling in area Ts1 (cases AY, BG, BC, BA), or in area Ts3 (case BF). The sites sampled from architecto ...
... For single section analysis 1--4 pieces of tissue were cut from layer I from each case (total = 8 in 5 cases), and 1--3 pieces from the middle layers (total = 8 in 5 cases), representative of the labeling in area Ts1 (cases AY, BG, BC, BA), or in area Ts3 (case BF). The sites sampled from architecto ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (white, red, green, and blue) were used for different means in each trial (see below). Experiments were car ...
... Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (white, red, green, and blue) were used for different means in each trial (see below). Experiments were car ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... because of the partial volume effect. For this reason, corrections for differences in gray and white matter are usually introduced. Peak overlapping prevents revealing some brain metabolites (ie, GABA) that could be of particular interest for specific pathologies. To overcome this problem, GABA spec ...
... because of the partial volume effect. For this reason, corrections for differences in gray and white matter are usually introduced. Peak overlapping prevents revealing some brain metabolites (ie, GABA) that could be of particular interest for specific pathologies. To overcome this problem, GABA spec ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... (GABAA agonist) in a similar manner. Baclofen (GABAB agonist) was tested on 11 neurons with no effects. GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and BICM blocked these GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. These results support the data from the labeling studies that GABA receptors are present in ...
... (GABAA agonist) in a similar manner. Baclofen (GABAB agonist) was tested on 11 neurons with no effects. GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and BICM blocked these GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. These results support the data from the labeling studies that GABA receptors are present in ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... is observed throughout widespread brain regions including cortical areas (visual [Bourgeois and Rakic, 1993, Huttenlocher et al., 1982], motor and associative [Huttenlocher, 1979]), cerebellum [J.Takacs and Hamori, 1994], projection bers between hemispheres [Innocenti, 1995] and the dentate gyrus [ ...
... is observed throughout widespread brain regions including cortical areas (visual [Bourgeois and Rakic, 1993, Huttenlocher et al., 1982], motor and associative [Huttenlocher, 1979]), cerebellum [J.Takacs and Hamori, 1994], projection bers between hemispheres [Innocenti, 1995] and the dentate gyrus [ ...
PDF of this article
... primary motor cortex (7) and, more importantly, that the nucleus receives dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra pars compacta (8-10). The description of this additional connectivity has further increased the importance of the subthalamic nucleus in the functional architecture of the bas ...
... primary motor cortex (7) and, more importantly, that the nucleus receives dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra pars compacta (8-10). The description of this additional connectivity has further increased the importance of the subthalamic nucleus in the functional architecture of the bas ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... Received 25 February 1988, revised 15 July 1988, accepted 18 July 1988 ...
... Received 25 February 1988, revised 15 July 1988, accepted 18 July 1988 ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... no interdependence. Performing such random pairing with many different permutations will result in the null-hypothesis distribution for the interdependence quantity of interest from which a threshold ...
... no interdependence. Performing such random pairing with many different permutations will result in the null-hypothesis distribution for the interdependence quantity of interest from which a threshold ...
Complete Pattern of Ocular Dominance Columns in Human Primary
... vessels and pia were stripped off the surface of the cortex, allowing the sulci to open and fixative to circulate evenly. Intermittently, the dissection was interrupted to immerse the tissue in chilled 1% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Fixation was required to harden the cortex so that ...
... vessels and pia were stripped off the surface of the cortex, allowing the sulci to open and fixative to circulate evenly. Intermittently, the dissection was interrupted to immerse the tissue in chilled 1% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Fixation was required to harden the cortex so that ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.11 mg/kg), then anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal, 15–30 mg/kg) during the surgical procedure. The animal’s temperature was maintained with a thermostatic heating pad. Bupivicaine was applied to incisions and pressure points. Surgery consisted of a tracheoto ...
... mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.11 mg/kg), then anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal, 15–30 mg/kg) during the surgical procedure. The animal’s temperature was maintained with a thermostatic heating pad. Bupivicaine was applied to incisions and pressure points. Surgery consisted of a tracheoto ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena are poorly understood. We investigate the topography of the BS representation (BSR) in cortical area V1 of the capuchin monkey, us ...
... Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena are poorly understood. We investigate the topography of the BS representation (BSR) in cortical area V1 of the capuchin monkey, us ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.