Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated
... unknown neural connections — this time including neurotransmitters and their receptors — and a natural preoccupation with subjecting individual circuit elements to detailed analysis. Fortunately, these methods have clarified for the first time the basic connections of certain long obscure regions of ...
... unknown neural connections — this time including neurotransmitters and their receptors — and a natural preoccupation with subjecting individual circuit elements to detailed analysis. Fortunately, these methods have clarified for the first time the basic connections of certain long obscure regions of ...
Full Text - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... within Rosetta Resolver (version 5.0; Rosetta Biosoftware). Statistical significance of gene expression differences between neuronal subtypes was determined by pairwise comparisons at each age using statistical analysis of microarrays (SAM) (Tusher et al., 2001). Using a SAM D score cutoff of more t ...
... within Rosetta Resolver (version 5.0; Rosetta Biosoftware). Statistical significance of gene expression differences between neuronal subtypes was determined by pairwise comparisons at each age using statistical analysis of microarrays (SAM) (Tusher et al., 2001). Using a SAM D score cutoff of more t ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... taste and food reward systems operate somewhat differently from those of primates and humans (114–116). In brief, the taste system is different in rodents in that there is a pontine taste area, which then projects subcortically, whereas in primates there is no pontine taste area, and cortical proces ...
... taste and food reward systems operate somewhat differently from those of primates and humans (114–116). In brief, the taste system is different in rodents in that there is a pontine taste area, which then projects subcortically, whereas in primates there is no pontine taste area, and cortical proces ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comparison of such mterstimulus interval effects on CTA acqmsition together with the aforementioned latency of ...
... coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comparison of such mterstimulus interval effects on CTA acqmsition together with the aforementioned latency of ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... down, cognitive-perceptual processing occurs within the accommodative system. ...
... down, cognitive-perceptual processing occurs within the accommodative system. ...
The Auditory System
... nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally innervated, so that each hemisphere receives cochlear input bilaterally. All of the components of the auditory pathw ...
... nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally innervated, so that each hemisphere receives cochlear input bilaterally. All of the components of the auditory pathw ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... In the present study, immunocytochemical markers for GAD and GABA were used to characterize the morphology, number, and distribution of presumed GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the macaque striate cortex. The main purpose of this study was to establish how the normal distribution pattern of ...
... In the present study, immunocytochemical markers for GAD and GABA were used to characterize the morphology, number, and distribution of presumed GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the macaque striate cortex. The main purpose of this study was to establish how the normal distribution pattern of ...
Late-onset Parkinsonism in NFjB/c-Rel
... (SIGMA). Coronal slices (30 or 10 mm thickness) were cut to obtain serial sections of the following cerebral areas using bregma-based coordinates (Franklin and Paxinos, 2008): substantia nigra pars compacta (anterior–posterior 2.54 to 3.40 mm), ventral tegmental area ...
... (SIGMA). Coronal slices (30 or 10 mm thickness) were cut to obtain serial sections of the following cerebral areas using bregma-based coordinates (Franklin and Paxinos, 2008): substantia nigra pars compacta (anterior–posterior 2.54 to 3.40 mm), ventral tegmental area ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... The sources of ipsilateral projections from the hippocampal formation, the presubiculum, area 29a-c, and parasubiculum to medial, orbital, and lateral prefrontal cortices were studied with retrograde tracers in 27 rhesus monkeys. labeled neurons within the hippocampal formation (CA1, CA1’, prosubicu ...
... The sources of ipsilateral projections from the hippocampal formation, the presubiculum, area 29a-c, and parasubiculum to medial, orbital, and lateral prefrontal cortices were studied with retrograde tracers in 27 rhesus monkeys. labeled neurons within the hippocampal formation (CA1, CA1’, prosubicu ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, have posed their influence on the motor cortex to ’shape’ the final, descending signal. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum exert their influence on the final motor output pathways largely via the thalamus on the descending, corticobulbar and corticos ...
... including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, have posed their influence on the motor cortex to ’shape’ the final, descending signal. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum exert their influence on the final motor output pathways largely via the thalamus on the descending, corticobulbar and corticos ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... control defined cell populations to further understand the machinations of the brain and nervous system. Over time, researchers discovered neuronal contacts across the brain could be parsed based on the unique gene expression profiles of each cell type in a given brain region; this made genetic-targ ...
... control defined cell populations to further understand the machinations of the brain and nervous system. Over time, researchers discovered neuronal contacts across the brain could be parsed based on the unique gene expression profiles of each cell type in a given brain region; this made genetic-targ ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... the computational properties of microcircuit templates we carried out computer simulations of detailed cortical microcircuit models consisting of 560 Hodgkin–Huxley type point neurons and synaptic connections with stereotypical dynamic properties (such as paired pulse depression and paired pulse fac ...
... the computational properties of microcircuit templates we carried out computer simulations of detailed cortical microcircuit models consisting of 560 Hodgkin–Huxley type point neurons and synaptic connections with stereotypical dynamic properties (such as paired pulse depression and paired pulse fac ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... are being very actively pursued in hopes of discovering pathogenetic mechanism for parkinsonism in general. Inherited forms of parkinsonism in fact have been known for many years (11,24,113,270,272), and it has been shown that specific forms of parkinsonism may be caused by different genetic mechani ...
... are being very actively pursued in hopes of discovering pathogenetic mechanism for parkinsonism in general. Inherited forms of parkinsonism in fact have been known for many years (11,24,113,270,272), and it has been shown that specific forms of parkinsonism may be caused by different genetic mechani ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... of research such as artificial intelligence and medicine. In particular, synchronisation of neuronal firing is associated with both improvements to and degeneration of the brain’s performance; increased synchronisation can lead to enhanced information-processing or neurological disorders such as epi ...
... of research such as artificial intelligence and medicine. In particular, synchronisation of neuronal firing is associated with both improvements to and degeneration of the brain’s performance; increased synchronisation can lead to enhanced information-processing or neurological disorders such as epi ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... spiny neurons through up and down state transitions. Up states are characterized by a relatively fast transition from the down state at ~ -80 mV to the depolarized up state during which the membrane potential remains within a relatively narrow range. The return to the down state is slower. Despite t ...
... spiny neurons through up and down state transitions. Up states are characterized by a relatively fast transition from the down state at ~ -80 mV to the depolarized up state during which the membrane potential remains within a relatively narrow range. The return to the down state is slower. Despite t ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... functions. Proper function of the brain relies on the establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have be ...
... functions. Proper function of the brain relies on the establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have be ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... from the GPe and acts at GABAA receptors. In vitro patch recordings of STN neurons, using the perforated configuration to maintain the natural intracellular concentration of Cl− (the principal permeant ion of the GABAA receptor), have revealed that the equilibrium potential of GABAA receptormediated ...
... from the GPe and acts at GABAA receptors. In vitro patch recordings of STN neurons, using the perforated configuration to maintain the natural intracellular concentration of Cl− (the principal permeant ion of the GABAA receptor), have revealed that the equilibrium potential of GABAA receptormediated ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... provides a fundamental mechanism by which the PFC exerts control over a wide range of processes in the service of goal-directed behavior. We describe the minimal set of functional properties that such a system must exhibit if it can serve as a mechanism of cognitive control. We then review the exist ...
... provides a fundamental mechanism by which the PFC exerts control over a wide range of processes in the service of goal-directed behavior. We describe the minimal set of functional properties that such a system must exhibit if it can serve as a mechanism of cognitive control. We then review the exist ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
Topic - We can offer most test bank and solution manual you need.
... 1. The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______. a) axons c) dendrites b) nerve bundles d) synapses 2. Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse? a) synaptic vesicles c) terminal buttons b) synaptic nodes d ...
... 1. The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______. a) axons c) dendrites b) nerve bundles d) synapses 2. Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse? a) synaptic vesicles c) terminal buttons b) synaptic nodes d ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures an early view of how multiple column systems in the primary visual cortex might be organized. Although the prominent cell bands seen in Nissl sections do not represent individual orientation columns, they ...
... columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures an early view of how multiple column systems in the primary visual cortex might be organized. Although the prominent cell bands seen in Nissl sections do not represent individual orientation columns, they ...
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... circuits. On the other hand, for systems neurophysiologists working with alert animals, who have long recorded single neurons with tremendous success in uncovering neural correlates of behavior, understanding coordinated neural population patterns in a circuit represents a new challenge. Moreover, c ...
... circuits. On the other hand, for systems neurophysiologists working with alert animals, who have long recorded single neurons with tremendous success in uncovering neural correlates of behavior, understanding coordinated neural population patterns in a circuit represents a new challenge. Moreover, c ...
Action Preparation Shapes Processing in Early Visual Cortex
... examine whether action preparation modulates activity in early human visual cortex, subjects grasped or pointed to oriented objects while high-resolution fMRI data were acquired. Using multivoxel pattern analysis techniques, we could decode with ⬎70% accuracy whether a graspingorpointingactionwaspre ...
... examine whether action preparation modulates activity in early human visual cortex, subjects grasped or pointed to oriented objects while high-resolution fMRI data were acquired. Using multivoxel pattern analysis techniques, we could decode with ⬎70% accuracy whether a graspingorpointingactionwaspre ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.