Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena are poorly understood. We investigate the topography of the BS representation (BSR) in cortical area V1 of the capuchin monkey, us ...
... Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying these perceptual phenomena are poorly understood. We investigate the topography of the BS representation (BSR) in cortical area V1 of the capuchin monkey, us ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... THE CEREBRUM-LIMBIC SYSTEM • Limbic system – important functional brain system, includes limbic lobe (region of medial cerebrum), hippocampus, amygdala, and pathways; connect each of these regions of gray matter with rest of brain (Figure 12.9) Found only within mammalian brains Involved in memo ...
... THE CEREBRUM-LIMBIC SYSTEM • Limbic system – important functional brain system, includes limbic lobe (region of medial cerebrum), hippocampus, amygdala, and pathways; connect each of these regions of gray matter with rest of brain (Figure 12.9) Found only within mammalian brains Involved in memo ...
Artificial Neural Network in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical
... sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, ANN simulates the biological nervous system and draws on analogues of adaptive biological neurons. ANNs do not require rigidly structured experimental designs and can map functions using historical or incomplete data, which makes them a po ...
... sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, ANN simulates the biological nervous system and draws on analogues of adaptive biological neurons. ANNs do not require rigidly structured experimental designs and can map functions using historical or incomplete data, which makes them a po ...
Reward and Aversion
... distinct components of wanting and liking, which can be separately identified and behaviorally manipulated, and that DA mediates the wanting but not the liking component of reward. According to this incentive salience hypothesis, the function of DA is not to mediate the pleasure of unconditioned inc ...
... distinct components of wanting and liking, which can be separately identified and behaviorally manipulated, and that DA mediates the wanting but not the liking component of reward. According to this incentive salience hypothesis, the function of DA is not to mediate the pleasure of unconditioned inc ...
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... Lesions to the cingulate cortex impair acquisition of the delayed-alternation task, whereas performance of this task is unaffected when learned preoperatively (Pribram et al. 1962 ). Thus the involvement of the ACC in the control of behavior may depend critically on a close interaction with both the ...
... Lesions to the cingulate cortex impair acquisition of the delayed-alternation task, whereas performance of this task is unaffected when learned preoperatively (Pribram et al. 1962 ). Thus the involvement of the ACC in the control of behavior may depend critically on a close interaction with both the ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... same action being performed (1). Since they were first discovered in the macaque monkey in the 1990s (2, 3) they have by some been hailed as one of the single greatest discovery in systems neuroscience of the past few decades (4, 5). As often happens when scientist come across a new and unexpected f ...
... same action being performed (1). Since they were first discovered in the macaque monkey in the 1990s (2, 3) they have by some been hailed as one of the single greatest discovery in systems neuroscience of the past few decades (4, 5). As often happens when scientist come across a new and unexpected f ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... (Rolls, 2016b), or has increased functional connectivity (Cheng et al., 2016). Conversely, if the non-reward system is underactive or is damaged by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, the decreased sensitivity to non-reward may contribute to increased impulsivity (Berlin, Rolls, & Iversen, 2005; Be ...
... (Rolls, 2016b), or has increased functional connectivity (Cheng et al., 2016). Conversely, if the non-reward system is underactive or is damaged by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, the decreased sensitivity to non-reward may contribute to increased impulsivity (Berlin, Rolls, & Iversen, 2005; Be ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
Shamanism in Cross-Cultural Perspective
... makes little sense. Just as terms such as taboo, mana, and kula ring have been borrowed by anthropologists and extended outside of their cultures of origin, so too should the term shaman. When similar concepts are found cross-culturally, terminology must be developed to convey the similarity found i ...
... makes little sense. Just as terms such as taboo, mana, and kula ring have been borrowed by anthropologists and extended outside of their cultures of origin, so too should the term shaman. When similar concepts are found cross-culturally, terminology must be developed to convey the similarity found i ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiological findings concerning three-dimensional vision. Psychophysical and computational studies have suggested that in the visual system the ...
... their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiological findings concerning three-dimensional vision. Psychophysical and computational studies have suggested that in the visual system the ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... projection neurons from the striatum (medium spiny cells) form two widely distributed populations differentiated by their efferent connectivity and neurochemistry. One population comprises neurons with mainly D1-type dopamine receptors and projects to the output nuclei (SNr and EP). In the prevailin ...
... projection neurons from the striatum (medium spiny cells) form two widely distributed populations differentiated by their efferent connectivity and neurochemistry. One population comprises neurons with mainly D1-type dopamine receptors and projects to the output nuclei (SNr and EP). In the prevailin ...
Document
... Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), or brain attack, is when poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They result in part of the brain ...
... Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), or brain attack, is when poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They result in part of the brain ...
PDF
... areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary auditory subfield R), and high-to-low (rostrotemporal primary auditory subfield RT) frequencies, wi ...
... areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary auditory subfield R), and high-to-low (rostrotemporal primary auditory subfield RT) frequencies, wi ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... 1961). It is indeed heterogeneous and complex, and because of this has resisted most attempts at a systematic analysis. It has been called the terra incognita of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Nevertheless, neuropil often seems to conform to some underlying structural pattern, even when showing r ...
... 1961). It is indeed heterogeneous and complex, and because of this has resisted most attempts at a systematic analysis. It has been called the terra incognita of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Nevertheless, neuropil often seems to conform to some underlying structural pattern, even when showing r ...
FREE Sample Here
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... insertion of the stalk. OLPs innervate the LON starting during embryogenesis and are maintained into the adult fly. In detail analysis of their innervation pattern and functional relevance of these LON neurons are missing. In order to gain a more detailed and complete view on the development and anat ...
... insertion of the stalk. OLPs innervate the LON starting during embryogenesis and are maintained into the adult fly. In detail analysis of their innervation pattern and functional relevance of these LON neurons are missing. In order to gain a more detailed and complete view on the development and anat ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
Early Neuronal Loss and Axonal/Presynaptic Damage is Associated
... hippocampus, showing a selective early loss of both principal neurons (28%) and SOM-positive interneurons (69%). In addition, our data demonstrate the existence of an early axonal and synaptic pathology, which may represent the beginning of the synaptic disruption and loss. These neurodegenerative p ...
... hippocampus, showing a selective early loss of both principal neurons (28%) and SOM-positive interneurons (69%). In addition, our data demonstrate the existence of an early axonal and synaptic pathology, which may represent the beginning of the synaptic disruption and loss. These neurodegenerative p ...
Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... to it. Axons, no matter how dystrophic, remained continuous and initially morphologically normal outside the plaque region, reflecting support by metabolically active cell bodies and continued axonal transport. Immunochemical and ultrastructural studies showed dystrophic axons were tightly associated ...
... to it. Axons, no matter how dystrophic, remained continuous and initially morphologically normal outside the plaque region, reflecting support by metabolically active cell bodies and continued axonal transport. Immunochemical and ultrastructural studies showed dystrophic axons were tightly associated ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... GABA-mediated inputs from the brainstem, in contrast to the neurons of other sensory thalamic nuclei. In most thalamic nuclei, inhibitory inputs come from local interneurons or intrathalamic neurons (for review, see Sherman and Koch, 1986; Steriade and Llinas, 1988). For example, in the lateral geni ...
... GABA-mediated inputs from the brainstem, in contrast to the neurons of other sensory thalamic nuclei. In most thalamic nuclei, inhibitory inputs come from local interneurons or intrathalamic neurons (for review, see Sherman and Koch, 1986; Steriade and Llinas, 1988). For example, in the lateral geni ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... delayed. GPi DBS has diffuse effects within the brain; functional imaging studies have shown a reduction in hypermetabolism in supplementary motor areas after treatment with DBS, thought to ...
... delayed. GPi DBS has diffuse effects within the brain; functional imaging studies have shown a reduction in hypermetabolism in supplementary motor areas after treatment with DBS, thought to ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... of high θ-, and γ-waves and strengthened the phase-amplitude coupling between these frequencies. The 24-hour rhythms of production and release of histamine and its metabolite, 1-methylhistamine were detected, whereas activities of the enzymes had no detectable diurnal rhythm. In addition, histamine ...
... of high θ-, and γ-waves and strengthened the phase-amplitude coupling between these frequencies. The 24-hour rhythms of production and release of histamine and its metabolite, 1-methylhistamine were detected, whereas activities of the enzymes had no detectable diurnal rhythm. In addition, histamine ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.