2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... medial frontal (premotor, motor and somatosensory) as well as parietal, intraparietal and parietooccipital cortical areas has been completed. The relevant results are presented in detail under deliverable “D2.3” below. Moreover, the FORTH/IACM group in collaboration with FORTH/ICS designed the brain ...
... medial frontal (premotor, motor and somatosensory) as well as parietal, intraparietal and parietooccipital cortical areas has been completed. The relevant results are presented in detail under deliverable “D2.3” below. Moreover, the FORTH/IACM group in collaboration with FORTH/ICS designed the brain ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... neuronal death. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), there was a substantial increase in cathepsin S activity secreted from both macrophages and microglia (Petanceska et al., 1996). This may suggest that cathepsin S plays a role in degenerative disorders because cathepsin S degrades components o ...
... neuronal death. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), there was a substantial increase in cathepsin S activity secreted from both macrophages and microglia (Petanceska et al., 1996). This may suggest that cathepsin S plays a role in degenerative disorders because cathepsin S degrades components o ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... How can we study our brains? Your brain is the most important organ in your body. It controls your organs, your behavior and your memories and emotions. Without it, none of these would function – and you wouldn’t be aware of it, because the brain also controls the very basis for human consciousness. ...
... How can we study our brains? Your brain is the most important organ in your body. It controls your organs, your behavior and your memories and emotions. Without it, none of these would function – and you wouldn’t be aware of it, because the brain also controls the very basis for human consciousness. ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... electronic circuitry and telemetry setup, see Grohrock et al. (1997)]. One of the two transmitters mounted on the platform had two channels. The first channel was used to record the neuronal activity, and the second transmitted the signal of a piezo-ceramic skull vibration sensor. This sensor picked ...
... electronic circuitry and telemetry setup, see Grohrock et al. (1997)]. One of the two transmitters mounted on the platform had two channels. The first channel was used to record the neuronal activity, and the second transmitted the signal of a piezo-ceramic skull vibration sensor. This sensor picked ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... high-density counterstream architectures. Science 342:1238406. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. (b) Hierarchy of visual areas. The lateral frontal eye field (FEF) (8l), which produces shorter saccades, is at the same level as V3 and V4, whereas the medial FEF (8m), which produces longer saccades ...
... high-density counterstream architectures. Science 342:1238406. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. (b) Hierarchy of visual areas. The lateral frontal eye field (FEF) (8l), which produces shorter saccades, is at the same level as V3 and V4, whereas the medial FEF (8m), which produces longer saccades ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... studies that probed neuronal responses to behaviorally relevant sound in the auditory system. In the mustached bat, neurons in the auditory cortex as well as the IC were found to display excitatory or inhibitory responses when two tones with different frequencies were presented simultaneously (two-t ...
... studies that probed neuronal responses to behaviorally relevant sound in the auditory system. In the mustached bat, neurons in the auditory cortex as well as the IC were found to display excitatory or inhibitory responses when two tones with different frequencies were presented simultaneously (two-t ...
BRAIN - ESPN.com
... Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can trigger the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by the widespread deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) as neurofibrillary tangles (Corsellis and Brierley, 1959; Corsellis et al., 1973 ...
... Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can trigger the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by the widespread deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) as neurofibrillary tangles (Corsellis and Brierley, 1959; Corsellis et al., 1973 ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... nigra pars reticulata (SNr) of non-parkinsonian (normal) monkeys with apomorphine (APO)-induced orofacial dyskinesia. We conducted extracellular recordings of SNr neurons of two monkeys before and after induction of orofacial dyskinesia by systemic administration of APO. Involuntary orofacial moveme ...
... nigra pars reticulata (SNr) of non-parkinsonian (normal) monkeys with apomorphine (APO)-induced orofacial dyskinesia. We conducted extracellular recordings of SNr neurons of two monkeys before and after induction of orofacial dyskinesia by systemic administration of APO. Involuntary orofacial moveme ...
Sample
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... cell types, utilizing gene promoters or loci with specific expression patterns (Gerfen et al., 2013; Gong et al., 2007; Madisen et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple ce ...
... cell types, utilizing gene promoters or loci with specific expression patterns (Gerfen et al., 2013; Gong et al., 2007; Madisen et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple ce ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated sites in the primary and premotor cortex of monkeys (Cooke & Graziano 2004a; Graziano et al. ...
... and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated sites in the primary and premotor cortex of monkeys (Cooke & Graziano 2004a; Graziano et al. ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to ...
... profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... required to reach and grasp a piece of food (target) using a precision grip (Fig. 1A, right). Then, the monkey had to bring the food to the mouth and eat it (grasp-to-eat, Fig. 1A—I) or place it into a container located near the mouth (grasp-to-place, Fig. 1A—II), in order to obtain a more palatable ...
... required to reach and grasp a piece of food (target) using a precision grip (Fig. 1A, right). Then, the monkey had to bring the food to the mouth and eat it (grasp-to-eat, Fig. 1A—I) or place it into a container located near the mouth (grasp-to-place, Fig. 1A—II), in order to obtain a more palatable ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... generated by persistent Na+ current, INaP (Jahnsen and Llinás 1984b; Parri and Crunelli 1998). This firing mode of TC neurons is called tonic. Each fast spike produced by TC neuron is followed by an afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP). Neuronal firing is associated with Ca2+ influx (Abel et al. 200 ...
... generated by persistent Na+ current, INaP (Jahnsen and Llinás 1984b; Parri and Crunelli 1998). This firing mode of TC neurons is called tonic. Each fast spike produced by TC neuron is followed by an afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP). Neuronal firing is associated with Ca2+ influx (Abel et al. 200 ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... electrogenic sodium pump component of the membrane potential. Barbara York showed that the snail neuron was sensitive to the oxygen concentration around the neuron and that reducing the Po2 brought about a depolarization of the membrane potential, whilst increasing the Po2 hyperpolarized the neuron, ...
... electrogenic sodium pump component of the membrane potential. Barbara York showed that the snail neuron was sensitive to the oxygen concentration around the neuron and that reducing the Po2 brought about a depolarization of the membrane potential, whilst increasing the Po2 hyperpolarized the neuron, ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... The annual Cosyne meeting provides an inclusive forum for the exchange of experimental and theoretical/computational approaches to problems in systems neuroscience. To encourage interdisciplinary interactions, the main meeting is arranged in a single track. A set of invited talks are selected by the ...
... The annual Cosyne meeting provides an inclusive forum for the exchange of experimental and theoretical/computational approaches to problems in systems neuroscience. To encourage interdisciplinary interactions, the main meeting is arranged in a single track. A set of invited talks are selected by the ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... primates, and that the IL/PL complex of rats exerts significant control over emotional and cognitive aspects of goaldirected behavior. © 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ...
... primates, and that the IL/PL complex of rats exerts significant control over emotional and cognitive aspects of goaldirected behavior. © 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
... evidence from both human and non-human primate studies, however, challenges this binary distinction and suggests that regions in the dorsal pathway contain object representations that are independent of those in ventral cortex and that play a functional role in object perception. We review here the ...
... evidence from both human and non-human primate studies, however, challenges this binary distinction and suggests that regions in the dorsal pathway contain object representations that are independent of those in ventral cortex and that play a functional role in object perception. We review here the ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated sites in the primary and premotor cortex of monkeys (Cooke & Graziano 2004a; Graziano et al. ...
... and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated sites in the primary and premotor cortex of monkeys (Cooke & Graziano 2004a; Graziano et al. ...
pdf
... Background: Tinnitus is an auditory sensation characterized by the perception of sound or noise in the absence of any external sound source. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory sy ...
... Background: Tinnitus is an auditory sensation characterized by the perception of sound or noise in the absence of any external sound source. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory sy ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... indicate that individual OC neurons receive converging inputs from distinct glomeruli (Zou et al., 2005; Zou and Buck, 2006). Single-cell recordings from the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the most rostral region of the OC, suggest that individual AON neurons synaptically integrate inputs from se ...
... indicate that individual OC neurons receive converging inputs from distinct glomeruli (Zou et al., 2005; Zou and Buck, 2006). Single-cell recordings from the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the most rostral region of the OC, suggest that individual AON neurons synaptically integrate inputs from se ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... Appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component ...
... Appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component ...
pdf
... Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is evolving into a potent tool in the examination of the central nervous system. Although it is often used for the detection of acute ischemia, evaluation of directionality in a diffusion measurement can be useful in white matter, which demonstrates strong d ...
... Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is evolving into a potent tool in the examination of the central nervous system. Although it is often used for the detection of acute ischemia, evaluation of directionality in a diffusion measurement can be useful in white matter, which demonstrates strong d ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.