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Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular or parallel to the optimal orientation of the cell, and ...
... visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular or parallel to the optimal orientation of the cell, and ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) The Brain Embryonic Development
... • Integrates incoming signals into a single thought ...
... • Integrates incoming signals into a single thought ...
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?
... kin, of the use of MA as the primary drug of abuse for at least 1 year; the presence of MA [assessed by GC-MS (gas chromatography±mass spectrometry, Kalasinsky et al., 2001)] in the blood, brain (occipital cortex) and, in the 14/ 20 MA users in which hair was available, in sequential scalp hair samp ...
... kin, of the use of MA as the primary drug of abuse for at least 1 year; the presence of MA [assessed by GC-MS (gas chromatography±mass spectrometry, Kalasinsky et al., 2001)] in the blood, brain (occipital cortex) and, in the 14/ 20 MA users in which hair was available, in sequential scalp hair samp ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... range of variables in an entangled fashion, reflecting the complexity of the behavior and cognition that are its putative outputs. The concept of a mental state unites cognition and emotion as part of a common framework. How does this framework contribute to the debate about the relationship between ...
... range of variables in an entangled fashion, reflecting the complexity of the behavior and cognition that are its putative outputs. The concept of a mental state unites cognition and emotion as part of a common framework. How does this framework contribute to the debate about the relationship between ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... Data analysis. Data analysis was performed with custom routines written in Matlab. Electrophysiology data were low pass filtered offline (1 kHz) and synaptic events were detected using a threshold (within 23 ms of the stimulus with a threshold of ⬎6⫻ SD from baseline). Mean EPSC for sCRACM was compu ...
... Data analysis. Data analysis was performed with custom routines written in Matlab. Electrophysiology data were low pass filtered offline (1 kHz) and synaptic events were detected using a threshold (within 23 ms of the stimulus with a threshold of ⬎6⫻ SD from baseline). Mean EPSC for sCRACM was compu ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... layer 2 neurons but also the subthreshold synaptic input that drives spiking. The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the ear ...
... layer 2 neurons but also the subthreshold synaptic input that drives spiking. The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the ear ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 (Soechting et al., 1992), and area 5 (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985). We have searched evidence for coherent representations of movement and posture in ...
... Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 (Soechting et al., 1992), and area 5 (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985). We have searched evidence for coherent representations of movement and posture in ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... and information flow between neurons and glia all contribute to information processing. Revisiting the neuron doctrine, these authors suggest that future research beyond its limits may lead to new insights into the unique capabilities of the human brain. The functional significance of oscillatory neur ...
... and information flow between neurons and glia all contribute to information processing. Revisiting the neuron doctrine, these authors suggest that future research beyond its limits may lead to new insights into the unique capabilities of the human brain. The functional significance of oscillatory neur ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... additional theory is brought up later in the lab, students may get a sense of the connection between technology (instruments used to collect scientific data) and science. The Virtual Parkinson’s lab models the important combination of scientists sharing their research with the improvement of technol ...
... additional theory is brought up later in the lab, students may get a sense of the connection between technology (instruments used to collect scientific data) and science. The Virtual Parkinson’s lab models the important combination of scientists sharing their research with the improvement of technol ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... strategy for approaching this complexity in a tractable manner is to focus on one aspect of behaviour in which the basal ganglia are deeply involved. To this end, we chose ‘reward-oriented behaviour’ which is likely to require all the mental processes listed above. By discussing rewardoriented behav ...
... strategy for approaching this complexity in a tractable manner is to focus on one aspect of behaviour in which the basal ganglia are deeply involved. To this end, we chose ‘reward-oriented behaviour’ which is likely to require all the mental processes listed above. By discussing rewardoriented behav ...
Neural mechanisms underlying the evolvability of behaviour
... are phylogenetically constrained; nevertheless particular species-specific behaviours have repeatedly evolved, suggesting a predisposition towards those behaviours. Independently evolved behaviours in animals that share a common neural architecture are generally produced by homologous neural structu ...
... are phylogenetically constrained; nevertheless particular species-specific behaviours have repeatedly evolved, suggesting a predisposition towards those behaviours. Independently evolved behaviours in animals that share a common neural architecture are generally produced by homologous neural structu ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
PDF+Links
... points to the difference between normal and pathological aging of the nervous system (Dani et al., 1997). Normal aging is generally regarded as involving mild morphological, biochemical and physiological changes, which lead to slowing down of the normal function of the nervous system. The results of ...
... points to the difference between normal and pathological aging of the nervous system (Dani et al., 1997). Normal aging is generally regarded as involving mild morphological, biochemical and physiological changes, which lead to slowing down of the normal function of the nervous system. The results of ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... species including the rat,1,2,4-16 mouse,4,7,16 monkey,10,11 and human.7,16 In the rat brain, it has been found that neurons containing either prepro-orexin mRNA or orexin immunoreactivity are exclusively localized in the hypothalamus, mostly within the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), a region that ...
... species including the rat,1,2,4-16 mouse,4,7,16 monkey,10,11 and human.7,16 In the rat brain, it has been found that neurons containing either prepro-orexin mRNA or orexin immunoreactivity are exclusively localized in the hypothalamus, mostly within the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), a region that ...
Spontaneously T1-Hyperintense Lesions of the Brain on MRI: A
... venous occlusions secondary to thrombophlebitis, hypercoagulable states, dehydration, oral contraceptive usage, and tumoral encasement lead to areas of infarction that do not correspond to arterial distributions and primarily affect the subcortical white matter rather than cortical gray matter.1-4 T ...
... venous occlusions secondary to thrombophlebitis, hypercoagulable states, dehydration, oral contraceptive usage, and tumoral encasement lead to areas of infarction that do not correspond to arterial distributions and primarily affect the subcortical white matter rather than cortical gray matter.1-4 T ...
PPT
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... Spike sorting was performed offline. Only signals with an amplitude three times that of the noise were recorded by the data acquisition software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We al ...
... Spike sorting was performed offline. Only signals with an amplitude three times that of the noise were recorded by the data acquisition software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We al ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... Research as described above does makes it likely to believe that humans are in the possession of a system resembling to the one found in monkeys. However, a recent article by Turella and colleagues (2007) argues that from the great range of research on the topic of mirror neurons in humans, due to i ...
... Research as described above does makes it likely to believe that humans are in the possession of a system resembling to the one found in monkeys. However, a recent article by Turella and colleagues (2007) argues that from the great range of research on the topic of mirror neurons in humans, due to i ...
Functional Dissociation of Attentional Selection within PFC
... Performance on the Stroop Task I ...
... Performance on the Stroop Task I ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
PowerPoint Presentation - University of South Alabama
... •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network •preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images •any rental, lease or lending of the program. ...
... •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network •preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images •any rental, lease or lending of the program. ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... distributions. Photographic reconstructions were made using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) for illustrative purposes only. Quantif ying the a xon terminal distribution. We based our delineation of axon terminal patches on the following criteria. (1) Terminal clusters must arise from t ...
... distributions. Photographic reconstructions were made using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) for illustrative purposes only. Quantif ying the a xon terminal distribution. We based our delineation of axon terminal patches on the following criteria. (1) Terminal clusters must arise from t ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
Responses to irrational actions in action
... Overall, these three studies report three different patterns of results, with the MZN activated (Brass et al., 2007), deactivated (Marsh and Hamilton, 2011) or not engaged (Jastorff et al., 2010). AON activation was also only reported in one previous study (Marsh and Hamilton, 2011). Some of the dif ...
... Overall, these three studies report three different patterns of results, with the MZN activated (Brass et al., 2007), deactivated (Marsh and Hamilton, 2011) or not engaged (Jastorff et al., 2010). AON activation was also only reported in one previous study (Marsh and Hamilton, 2011). Some of the dif ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.