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Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... Accepted 30 November 2010 Available online 8 December 2010 ...
... Accepted 30 November 2010 Available online 8 December 2010 ...
White matter tract alterations in fragile X
... could also potentially affect the development, wiring, and targeting of axons that link affected brain regions. This, in turn, could influence white matter density and coherence between these areas. To investigate the structure of white matter tracts in fragile X syndrome we used diffusion tensor im ...
... could also potentially affect the development, wiring, and targeting of axons that link affected brain regions. This, in turn, could influence white matter density and coherence between these areas. To investigate the structure of white matter tracts in fragile X syndrome we used diffusion tensor im ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... is currently accepted that cortical maps are dynamic constructs that are remodeled in detail by behaviorally important experiences throughout life. A wide variety of neuronal response reconstruction (mapping) studies in different modalities conducted in a variety of mammalian species, including huma ...
... is currently accepted that cortical maps are dynamic constructs that are remodeled in detail by behaviorally important experiences throughout life. A wide variety of neuronal response reconstruction (mapping) studies in different modalities conducted in a variety of mammalian species, including huma ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... shows a representative experiment, comparing the fluorescence changes (⌬F/F ) (blue line) and the temperature change (gray dual in-line solution heater/cooler (Warner Inline). The background fluorescence was subtracted from the mean fluorescent intensity of the AC neurons. The diagrams represent str ...
... shows a representative experiment, comparing the fluorescence changes (⌬F/F ) (blue line) and the temperature change (gray dual in-line solution heater/cooler (Warner Inline). The background fluorescence was subtracted from the mean fluorescent intensity of the AC neurons. The diagrams represent str ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described previously (Lübke et al., 2000). Slices were incuba ...
... mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described previously (Lübke et al., 2000). Slices were incuba ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... period, the odour was rated using a button box for both pleasantness and intensity, using a visual rating scale from 2 (very pleasant/very strong) to 2 (very unpleasant/very weak). fMRI data acquisition Images were acquired with a 3.0-T VARIAN/SIEMENS whole-body scanner at FMRIB, Oxford. Local brai ...
... period, the odour was rated using a button box for both pleasantness and intensity, using a visual rating scale from 2 (very pleasant/very strong) to 2 (very unpleasant/very weak). fMRI data acquisition Images were acquired with a 3.0-T VARIAN/SIEMENS whole-body scanner at FMRIB, Oxford. Local brai ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... the interconnected circuitry of the thalamus and cerebral cortex is particularly critical in conscious events [23]. Therefore, there should be a neural controlling system that regulates globally chaotic neural activities into a unitary conscious entity in terms of synchronization. In the conscious s ...
... the interconnected circuitry of the thalamus and cerebral cortex is particularly critical in conscious events [23]. Therefore, there should be a neural controlling system that regulates globally chaotic neural activities into a unitary conscious entity in terms of synchronization. In the conscious s ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... elements of higher cognitive processes like words, mental images and other types of concepts. The standard model, derived directly from Hebb (1949), is that these neurons have high mutual synaptic strength. When a sufficient number of them fire, due to, for example, mention of the word dog, they cause ...
... elements of higher cognitive processes like words, mental images and other types of concepts. The standard model, derived directly from Hebb (1949), is that these neurons have high mutual synaptic strength. When a sufficient number of them fire, due to, for example, mention of the word dog, they cause ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... WGA-HRP cases. The monkey was anesthetized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital (60 – 80 mg/kg, i.v.) and perfused transcardially with 1 l of 0.9% warm heparinized saline, then 3– 4 l of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2–7.4), 1–2 l of 10% sucrose in 0.1 M phosphate buffer ...
... WGA-HRP cases. The monkey was anesthetized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital (60 – 80 mg/kg, i.v.) and perfused transcardially with 1 l of 0.9% warm heparinized saline, then 3– 4 l of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2–7.4), 1–2 l of 10% sucrose in 0.1 M phosphate buffer ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... role of the somatosensory cortices (SI and SII) in pain perception has long been in dispute. Human imaging studies demonstrate activation of SI and SII associated with painful stimuli, but results have been variable, and the functional relevance of any such activation is uncertain. The present study ...
... role of the somatosensory cortices (SI and SII) in pain perception has long been in dispute. Human imaging studies demonstrate activation of SI and SII associated with painful stimuli, but results have been variable, and the functional relevance of any such activation is uncertain. The present study ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... (A) Left: honeybee brain showing, in green, the innervation of PNs of the lateral tract (l-APT) from the AL to the LH and the MB calyces. Dye injection location is shown with a black arrow. Right: retrograde staining (revealed by tetramethylrhodamine dextran injected together with Fura-2 dextran) of ...
... (A) Left: honeybee brain showing, in green, the innervation of PNs of the lateral tract (l-APT) from the AL to the LH and the MB calyces. Dye injection location is shown with a black arrow. Right: retrograde staining (revealed by tetramethylrhodamine dextran injected together with Fura-2 dextran) of ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... striking contrast to the exquisite sensitivity of the respiratory outflow to pCO2 in vivo. One possible reason for this discrepancy is that CRC requires the participation of specialized pH-responsive neurons (central chemoreceptor neurons) and that the integrity of these cells or their connections t ...
... striking contrast to the exquisite sensitivity of the respiratory outflow to pCO2 in vivo. One possible reason for this discrepancy is that CRC requires the participation of specialized pH-responsive neurons (central chemoreceptor neurons) and that the integrity of these cells or their connections t ...
[PDF]
... found in neurodevepmental disorders. MicroRNAs have been implicated in several steps of neuronal maturation including dendritic and axonal growth, spine development, and synaptogenesis. We demonstrate that one brain-enriched microRNA, miR-137, has a significant role in regulating neuronal maturation. ...
... found in neurodevepmental disorders. MicroRNAs have been implicated in several steps of neuronal maturation including dendritic and axonal growth, spine development, and synaptogenesis. We demonstrate that one brain-enriched microRNA, miR-137, has a significant role in regulating neuronal maturation. ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... aspects of the visual input are arranged in complex spatial patterns, called cortical maps, and interact through a dense network of intracortical connections. Recently it was demonstrated that some of these maps, such as orientation preference maps (e.g. Gdecke et al. 1997; Crair et al. 1998) and o ...
... aspects of the visual input are arranged in complex spatial patterns, called cortical maps, and interact through a dense network of intracortical connections. Recently it was demonstrated that some of these maps, such as orientation preference maps (e.g. Gdecke et al. 1997; Crair et al. 1998) and o ...
full text - TReAD Lab
... 23]. In primates (but not rodents), the dendritic field of an individual STN neuron occupies only a small portion of the nucleus, which may help compartmentalize the topographic inputs and outputs [24, 25]. Despite these anatomical distinctions, clear evidence for functional differences between thes ...
... 23]. In primates (but not rodents), the dendritic field of an individual STN neuron occupies only a small portion of the nucleus, which may help compartmentalize the topographic inputs and outputs [24, 25]. Despite these anatomical distinctions, clear evidence for functional differences between thes ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... dramatic increase in dynamic MTs during DD remodeling.22 Indeed, DD remodeling was dependent on this increase in growing MTs, such that mutant animals with fewer dynamic MTs during remodeling failed to rewire their synapses to the dorsal neurite.22 The increase in number of dynamic MTs facilitates s ...
... dramatic increase in dynamic MTs during DD remodeling.22 Indeed, DD remodeling was dependent on this increase in growing MTs, such that mutant animals with fewer dynamic MTs during remodeling failed to rewire their synapses to the dorsal neurite.22 The increase in number of dynamic MTs facilitates s ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... e-mail: jeffrey_macklis@hms. harvard.edu ...
... e-mail: jeffrey_macklis@hms. harvard.edu ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... are determined by the ability of animals to predict rewards in advance of their occurrence and whether predictions about outcomes are violated or verified. Animals can be trained to expect a reward if it is consistently preceded by an instruction cue. During learning, as the reward becomes increasin ...
... are determined by the ability of animals to predict rewards in advance of their occurrence and whether predictions about outcomes are violated or verified. Animals can be trained to expect a reward if it is consistently preceded by an instruction cue. During learning, as the reward becomes increasin ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, 1977; Miller et al., 1985), especially since the tran ...
... Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, 1977; Miller et al., 1985), especially since the tran ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later showedby means of random-dot stereogramsthat binocular dispa ...
... relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later showedby means of random-dot stereogramsthat binocular dispa ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.