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The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... area V6 the RFs `move' coherently along the penetration, in a certain direction and with a physiological scatter (penetration `a'), in area V6A they often jump in different directions, so that cells near one another in the cortex can have RFs in completely different locations in the visual ®eld (pen ...
... area V6 the RFs `move' coherently along the penetration, in a certain direction and with a physiological scatter (penetration `a'), in area V6A they often jump in different directions, so that cells near one another in the cortex can have RFs in completely different locations in the visual ®eld (pen ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... responses, depending on the level of local activation. By constructing a large-scale model of primary visual cortex, we demonstrate that this effect can be understood in terms of the local cortical circuitry. Each receptive field position contributes both excitatory and inhibitory inputs; however, t ...
... responses, depending on the level of local activation. By constructing a large-scale model of primary visual cortex, we demonstrate that this effect can be understood in terms of the local cortical circuitry. Each receptive field position contributes both excitatory and inhibitory inputs; however, t ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... there have been many intriguing attempts. The neural machinery for controlling muscles and for enervating the sensory surface might reasonably increase with some function of body size. However, in a medium-sized brain like a cat’s, the representation of the body surface and the primary motor represe ...
... there have been many intriguing attempts. The neural machinery for controlling muscles and for enervating the sensory surface might reasonably increase with some function of body size. However, in a medium-sized brain like a cat’s, the representation of the body surface and the primary motor represe ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... (4 – 8 Hz) act as a timing signal to ensure that neurons representing related stimuli spike nearby each other in time. In addition, other researchers have suggested memory models that rely on theta for different functions such as separating the memoryencoding and the memory-retrieval processes (Hass ...
... (4 – 8 Hz) act as a timing signal to ensure that neurons representing related stimuli spike nearby each other in time. In addition, other researchers have suggested memory models that rely on theta for different functions such as separating the memoryencoding and the memory-retrieval processes (Hass ...
Extended PDF
... knowledge of neuron production and organization, especially at the single-progenitor level, remains elusive. Proper functioning of the neocortex depends on the production and positioning of the correct number and diversity of neurons for intricate circuit assembly. To generate a neocortex of the app ...
... knowledge of neuron production and organization, especially at the single-progenitor level, remains elusive. Proper functioning of the neocortex depends on the production and positioning of the correct number and diversity of neurons for intricate circuit assembly. To generate a neocortex of the app ...
A Possible Role for Cholinergic Neurons of the Basal Forebrain and
... The latter complex phenomena are also referred to as consciousness, more precisely higher consciousness. In this present paper, consciousness is defined as mental activity such as percepts, imagery, or abstract concepts (see Baars, 1988, for further description). Higher consciousness is also defined ...
... The latter complex phenomena are also referred to as consciousness, more precisely higher consciousness. In this present paper, consciousness is defined as mental activity such as percepts, imagery, or abstract concepts (see Baars, 1988, for further description). Higher consciousness is also defined ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... Hand motor activity We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s ...
... Hand motor activity We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
Chaos in the Brain. - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
... and their basins can be said to form an ‘attractor landscape’ which is characteristic for a set of values of the control parameters. • If the control parameters are changed this may result in a smooth deformation of the attractor landscape. • However, for critical values of the control parameters th ...
... and their basins can be said to form an ‘attractor landscape’ which is characteristic for a set of values of the control parameters. • If the control parameters are changed this may result in a smooth deformation of the attractor landscape. • However, for critical values of the control parameters th ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... mixed stimuli as rewards or punishers. Because the human participants made ratings of the pleasantness and intensity of the stimuli on every trial during the fMRI investigation, we were able to analyse how their subjective feelings of pleasantness, unpleasantness, and intensity were related to activ ...
... mixed stimuli as rewards or punishers. Because the human participants made ratings of the pleasantness and intensity of the stimuli on every trial during the fMRI investigation, we were able to analyse how their subjective feelings of pleasantness, unpleasantness, and intensity were related to activ ...
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... (1–48 kHz) at 16 intensities (1–75 dB SPL) to determine the characteristic frequency of each site. Tones had 5 ms cosine-squared ramps and their total duration was 25 ms. Additional stimuli were randomly interleaved and presented at 20 repeats per recording site. Broad band noise was presented in tr ...
... (1–48 kHz) at 16 intensities (1–75 dB SPL) to determine the characteristic frequency of each site. Tones had 5 ms cosine-squared ramps and their total duration was 25 ms. Additional stimuli were randomly interleaved and presented at 20 repeats per recording site. Broad band noise was presented in tr ...
fulltext
... mice, the GPi is known as the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) 2. Two additional structures strongly associated with the basal ganglia are the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) 3 (Figure 1). Together, these structures link most areas of the cerebral cortex with upper ...
... mice, the GPi is known as the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) 2. Two additional structures strongly associated with the basal ganglia are the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) 3 (Figure 1). Together, these structures link most areas of the cerebral cortex with upper ...
NEOCORTEX
... of functional imaging studies in humans means that increasingly more is becoming known about the equivalent subdivisions of the human brain. In addition to the basic sensory and motor functions, the cortex appears to be particularly involved in highlevel functions, such as speech production and comp ...
... of functional imaging studies in humans means that increasingly more is becoming known about the equivalent subdivisions of the human brain. In addition to the basic sensory and motor functions, the cortex appears to be particularly involved in highlevel functions, such as speech production and comp ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... 1962; Carpenter, 1976; DeArmond et al., 1976; Waddington, 1984; Roberts et al., 1987; Kretshmann and Weinrich, 1992). In these atlases the individual cerebellar lobules are generally not labeled, and only limited sections are available in either one or two of the cardinal planes. More recent attempt ...
... 1962; Carpenter, 1976; DeArmond et al., 1976; Waddington, 1984; Roberts et al., 1987; Kretshmann and Weinrich, 1992). In these atlases the individual cerebellar lobules are generally not labeled, and only limited sections are available in either one or two of the cardinal planes. More recent attempt ...
The Neuropathology of Huntington`s Disease
... The basal ganglia are integrated into a circular interconnected forebrain loop, which forms a cortical/basal ganglia/thalamus/cortical circuit (Nauta and Domesick 1984), (see Fig. 1). The cortex provides a major excitatory glutamatergic input to the caudate nucleus and putamen (Carpenter et al. 1976 ...
... The basal ganglia are integrated into a circular interconnected forebrain loop, which forms a cortical/basal ganglia/thalamus/cortical circuit (Nauta and Domesick 1984), (see Fig. 1). The cortex provides a major excitatory glutamatergic input to the caudate nucleus and putamen (Carpenter et al. 1976 ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... in transneuronal tracing with neurotropic viruses have demonstrated that the BG participate in parallel closed-loop circuits with cerebral cortical areas that underlie motor and cognitive functions (Middleton and Strick, 2000b). Using transneuronal tracing techniques, we have identified two new path ...
... in transneuronal tracing with neurotropic viruses have demonstrated that the BG participate in parallel closed-loop circuits with cerebral cortical areas that underlie motor and cognitive functions (Middleton and Strick, 2000b). Using transneuronal tracing techniques, we have identified two new path ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... Inevitably, when one records from vast numbers of cells at once, complexities arise in both analysis and interpretation that require sophisticated computational programmes (Nuding et al. 2009; Smith et al. 2009). In addition, several new preparations have been devised in which one can make use of th ...
... Inevitably, when one records from vast numbers of cells at once, complexities arise in both analysis and interpretation that require sophisticated computational programmes (Nuding et al. 2009; Smith et al. 2009). In addition, several new preparations have been devised in which one can make use of th ...
PDF - Kalina Christoff
... several decades. Given that many promising avenues of research were revealed by the early investigations of the 1950’s and 1960’s, this hiatus very likely hindered progress in the fields of neuroscience, p ...
... several decades. Given that many promising avenues of research were revealed by the early investigations of the 1950’s and 1960’s, this hiatus very likely hindered progress in the fields of neuroscience, p ...
Where is a Nose with Respect to a Foot? The Left
... from a generalized impairment of spatial abilities. Moreover, they are able to identify the body parts that they cannot locate, suggesting that their deficit lies neither at the level of visual processing of isolated body parts, nor at the level of the semantic knowledge of the body. Recent accounts ...
... from a generalized impairment of spatial abilities. Moreover, they are able to identify the body parts that they cannot locate, suggesting that their deficit lies neither at the level of visual processing of isolated body parts, nor at the level of the semantic knowledge of the body. Recent accounts ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... for the development of therapies for CNS traumas. To this end, we considered endogenously occurring molecules that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin ...
... for the development of therapies for CNS traumas. To this end, we considered endogenously occurring molecules that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... test stimulus (a one-sided fork) followed immediately by an ambiguous stimulus (so-called backwardmasking)31. The authors reported that subjects’ performance in detecting the asymmetry decreased progressively from 100% to chance levels for presentation times shorter than 150 msec, yet activation in ...
... test stimulus (a one-sided fork) followed immediately by an ambiguous stimulus (so-called backwardmasking)31. The authors reported that subjects’ performance in detecting the asymmetry decreased progressively from 100% to chance levels for presentation times shorter than 150 msec, yet activation in ...
Spontaneous firing patterns of identified spiny neurons in the rat
... holes were drilled in the skull overlying the head of the caudate-putamen on each side. The areas in and around the wound were thoroughly infiltrated with lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine, with epinephrine) by subcutaneous injections around the wound and by topical administration to all cut edges. ...
... holes were drilled in the skull overlying the head of the caudate-putamen on each side. The areas in and around the wound were thoroughly infiltrated with lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine, with epinephrine) by subcutaneous injections around the wound and by topical administration to all cut edges. ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.