DNA - benanbiology
... There are 3600 nucleotides in a DNA molecule. If 400 of them are adenine, Find a. The number of the other nucleotides. b. Give number of purines and pyrimidines. c. the number of deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups. a. . A= 400 so T= 400 too. 400+400= 800 3600 – 800= 2800 2800 / 2 = 1400 Guanin ...
... There are 3600 nucleotides in a DNA molecule. If 400 of them are adenine, Find a. The number of the other nucleotides. b. Give number of purines and pyrimidines. c. the number of deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups. a. . A= 400 so T= 400 too. 400+400= 800 3600 – 800= 2800 2800 / 2 = 1400 Guanin ...
video slide - Green River Community College
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Biosynthesis of Nucleotides 2 - University of Alabama at Birmingham
... is bound there determines which NDP is bound at the catalytic site Other regulatory site binds: ATP (the activator) or dATP (the negative effector) Overall activity site that determines whether the enzyme is active or inactive The 2 Fe atoms within the single active site formed by the R2 homodimers ...
... is bound there determines which NDP is bound at the catalytic site Other regulatory site binds: ATP (the activator) or dATP (the negative effector) Overall activity site that determines whether the enzyme is active or inactive The 2 Fe atoms within the single active site formed by the R2 homodimers ...
Respiration
... and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. • State that another name for anaerobic respiration is fermentation. ...
... and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. • State that another name for anaerobic respiration is fermentation. ...
03Glycolysis
... pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps Much of lactate diffuses into the blood. * Consumption of Lactate -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/N ...
... pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps Much of lactate diffuses into the blood. * Consumption of Lactate -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/N ...
Glycolysis
... pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps Much of lactate diffuses into the blood. * Consumption of Lactate -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/N ...
... pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps Much of lactate diffuses into the blood. * Consumption of Lactate -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/N ...
S08 Glycolysis
... pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps Much of lactate diffuses into the blood. * Consumption of Lactate -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/N ...
... pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps Much of lactate diffuses into the blood. * Consumption of Lactate -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/N ...
All amino acids participate in these reactions at some
... All amino acids participate in these reactions at some point in their catabolism *** This is false; serine and threonine are not transaminated ¾ they are oxidatively deaminated (release NH3) by a dehydratase enzyme to form pyruvate and propionyl coA respectively. The first step in the catabolism of ...
... All amino acids participate in these reactions at some point in their catabolism *** This is false; serine and threonine are not transaminated ¾ they are oxidatively deaminated (release NH3) by a dehydratase enzyme to form pyruvate and propionyl coA respectively. The first step in the catabolism of ...
Biology_Chapter 8_Cellular_Respiration
... Aerobic bacteria are likely to be found in the air, water and soil where oxygen is available Bacteria which can respire without needing oxygen are called anaerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria are to be found in situations where oxygen is lacking, such as in stagnant water, waterlogged soils or the i ...
... Aerobic bacteria are likely to be found in the air, water and soil where oxygen is available Bacteria which can respire without needing oxygen are called anaerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria are to be found in situations where oxygen is lacking, such as in stagnant water, waterlogged soils or the i ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... PPP is a shunt • The pathway begins with the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-P. • It reconnects with glycolysis because two of the end products of the PPP are glyceraldehyde 3-P and fructose 6-P; two intermediates further down in the glycolytic pathway. • It is for this reason that the PPP is oft ...
... PPP is a shunt • The pathway begins with the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-P. • It reconnects with glycolysis because two of the end products of the PPP are glyceraldehyde 3-P and fructose 6-P; two intermediates further down in the glycolytic pathway. • It is for this reason that the PPP is oft ...
SUMMARY The steady state kinetics of initiation of T7 DNA transcrip
... of rifampicin and the two substrates ATP and UTP were studied. Under these conditions, the enzyme catalyzes exclusively the promotor specific synthesis of pppApU. The kinetic data are in agreement with the mechanism of a truly ordered reaction. Binding of the initiating nucleotide ATP to the transcr ...
... of rifampicin and the two substrates ATP and UTP were studied. Under these conditions, the enzyme catalyzes exclusively the promotor specific synthesis of pppApU. The kinetic data are in agreement with the mechanism of a truly ordered reaction. Binding of the initiating nucleotide ATP to the transcr ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy. ...
... Digestion and hydrolysis break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. Stage 2: Degradation breaks down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provide ATP energy. ...
Lecture 26 - Glycolysis 2
... Glucokinase (hexokinase IV) catalyzes reaction 1 in the glycolytic pathway in liver and pancreas cells when blood glucose levels are high. Unlike hexokinase I, glucokinase as a very low affinity for glucose and is not inhibited by glucose6P. Therefore after a meal, the liver accumulates glucose for ...
... Glucokinase (hexokinase IV) catalyzes reaction 1 in the glycolytic pathway in liver and pancreas cells when blood glucose levels are high. Unlike hexokinase I, glucokinase as a very low affinity for glucose and is not inhibited by glucose6P. Therefore after a meal, the liver accumulates glucose for ...
Introduction to Metabolism
... molecules from simpler ones EX: linking amino acids to form proteins ...
... molecules from simpler ones EX: linking amino acids to form proteins ...
Cells
... 5. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid- the genetic material that codes for proteins of all organisms. 6. Response to Stimuli- responding to factors in the environment. a. Abiotic- non-living such as water, sand, temperature b. Biotic- Living such as plants and animals. 7. Growth and Developmenta. Growth- in ...
... 5. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid- the genetic material that codes for proteins of all organisms. 6. Response to Stimuli- responding to factors in the environment. a. Abiotic- non-living such as water, sand, temperature b. Biotic- Living such as plants and animals. 7. Growth and Developmenta. Growth- in ...
NO OXYGEN!
... muscle cells. – glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules – pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation – energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid – NADH is changed back into NAD+ ...
... muscle cells. – glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules – pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation – energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid – NADH is changed back into NAD+ ...
File
... – Absorbs water in intestines, softens stool, increases bulk 40% to 100%, stretches colon, and stimulates peristalsis thereby quickening passage of feces – No clear effect on incidence of colorectal cancer – Excessive intake can interfere with absorption of elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, ...
... – Absorbs water in intestines, softens stool, increases bulk 40% to 100%, stretches colon, and stimulates peristalsis thereby quickening passage of feces – No clear effect on incidence of colorectal cancer – Excessive intake can interfere with absorption of elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, ...
workshops: absences: examinations: textbook
... Ion pumps and other transport proteins Objectives: To expand on the concepts introduced in Lecture 19 to include coupled transport of more than one solute and active transport driven by ATP hydrolysis and light. Ion pumps-introduction Active transport-Na+/K+ ATPase Metabolite transport-Lactose perme ...
... Ion pumps and other transport proteins Objectives: To expand on the concepts introduced in Lecture 19 to include coupled transport of more than one solute and active transport driven by ATP hydrolysis and light. Ion pumps-introduction Active transport-Na+/K+ ATPase Metabolite transport-Lactose perme ...
lec39_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... c) rRNA – ribosomal RNA is found in the ribosome and is responsible for most of the function in protein synthesis. ...
... c) rRNA – ribosomal RNA is found in the ribosome and is responsible for most of the function in protein synthesis. ...
labmuscle
... acid plays an important role in generating energy physical endurance to help one survive. It is used to as fuel during exercise and recovery. The process in which lactic acid is formed is called anaerobic metabolism because it does not use oxygen. During this process, the body breaks down carbohydra ...
... acid plays an important role in generating energy physical endurance to help one survive. It is used to as fuel during exercise and recovery. The process in which lactic acid is formed is called anaerobic metabolism because it does not use oxygen. During this process, the body breaks down carbohydra ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... produced by one round of the citric acid cycle? • CAC: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, ...
... produced by one round of the citric acid cycle? • CAC: 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, ...
The molecular machinery of Keilin`s respiratory chain
... a view of the development of understanding from 1937 onwards of the nature of the link, was summarized by Mitchell in his 1978 Nobel lecture [4]. Although some ATP synthesis occurs by classical enzymological mechanisms in which an energy-releasing chemical transformation is strictly coupled to ADP p ...
... a view of the development of understanding from 1937 onwards of the nature of the link, was summarized by Mitchell in his 1978 Nobel lecture [4]. Although some ATP synthesis occurs by classical enzymological mechanisms in which an energy-releasing chemical transformation is strictly coupled to ADP p ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.