Microbes in the Biosphere - Bio@Tech
... (J.W. Schopf, UCLA http://www.cushmanfoundation.orgt/slides/stromato.html) ...
... (J.W. Schopf, UCLA http://www.cushmanfoundation.orgt/slides/stromato.html) ...
L22_GlngBox
... Transport of FA: Mitochondria • Malonyl CoA is a very strong inhibitor of CAT-I • CAT-I is the key regulator of fat oxidation - once FA gets into the mitochondria, it will be oxidized (i.e. the only fate of mitochondrial FA-CoA is oxidation) • Alternative fate of FA-CoA in the cytoplasm is esterifi ...
... Transport of FA: Mitochondria • Malonyl CoA is a very strong inhibitor of CAT-I • CAT-I is the key regulator of fat oxidation - once FA gets into the mitochondria, it will be oxidized (i.e. the only fate of mitochondrial FA-CoA is oxidation) • Alternative fate of FA-CoA in the cytoplasm is esterifi ...
Unit 3 (ch 6)
... • ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADP – This process is called substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... • ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ADP – This process is called substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Visualization of ATP levels inside single living cells with
... phosphorylation, revealing that glycolysis is the major ATP-generating pathway of the cells grown in glucose-rich medium. This was also confirmed by an experiment using oligomycin A, an inhibitor of FoF1-ATP synthase. In addition, it was demonstrated that HeLa cells change ATP-generating pathway in ...
... phosphorylation, revealing that glycolysis is the major ATP-generating pathway of the cells grown in glucose-rich medium. This was also confirmed by an experiment using oligomycin A, an inhibitor of FoF1-ATP synthase. In addition, it was demonstrated that HeLa cells change ATP-generating pathway in ...
File
... Building blocks for DNA and RNA “Second messengers” in signal transduction cascades Energy “currency” of the cell Components of major co-enzymes ...
... Building blocks for DNA and RNA “Second messengers” in signal transduction cascades Energy “currency” of the cell Components of major co-enzymes ...
The Producers
... cofactors (esp. Mg++) required for Calvin cycle enzymes • Ferredoxin oxidized by light reactions reduces thioredoxin. Reduced thioredoxin coenzyme for Calvin cycle enzymes ...
... cofactors (esp. Mg++) required for Calvin cycle enzymes • Ferredoxin oxidized by light reactions reduces thioredoxin. Reduced thioredoxin coenzyme for Calvin cycle enzymes ...
Cellular Respiration
... 2. Have all the students read their job assignment through one time before beginning the role play activity. 3. The first student in the glycolysis pathway receives the 6 carbon glucose molecule. The student states "I'm an enzyme that converts the 6 carbon glucose molecule into two three carbon mol ...
... 2. Have all the students read their job assignment through one time before beginning the role play activity. 3. The first student in the glycolysis pathway receives the 6 carbon glucose molecule. The student states "I'm an enzyme that converts the 6 carbon glucose molecule into two three carbon mol ...
SECTION – A Q. 1 – Q.10 carry one mark each.
... If the molar extinction coefficient for double stranded DNA at λ260 is 6700, the concentration of DNA solution with the absorbance of 0.268 at λ260 in mM will be ______. Calculate the value up to the second place of decimal. ...
... If the molar extinction coefficient for double stranded DNA at λ260 is 6700, the concentration of DNA solution with the absorbance of 0.268 at λ260 in mM will be ______. Calculate the value up to the second place of decimal. ...
Document
... protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, the second complex of the chain, by the reduced form of coenzyme Q (Q), also known as ubiquinone because it is a ubiquitous quinone in biological systems. Ubiquinone is ...
... protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, the second complex of the chain, by the reduced form of coenzyme Q (Q), also known as ubiquinone because it is a ubiquitous quinone in biological systems. Ubiquinone is ...
Highlights from the Maltese Lipids Intervention: He went over his in
... 4. Don’t memorize the exact enzymes that are associated with synthesis, but know what types of enzymes are involved in synthesis versus the types of enzymes involved in oxidation. 5. Know that enzymes for FA synthesis are carried in a globular dimer in humans. 6. Know the ATP Citrate Lyase Reaction. ...
... 4. Don’t memorize the exact enzymes that are associated with synthesis, but know what types of enzymes are involved in synthesis versus the types of enzymes involved in oxidation. 5. Know that enzymes for FA synthesis are carried in a globular dimer in humans. 6. Know the ATP Citrate Lyase Reaction. ...
Molecular Biology of the Cell
... lactate does not directly cause acidosis, nor is it responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness. This is because lactate itself is not capable of releasing a proton. The acidosis that is associated with increases in lactate concentration during heavy exercise arises from a separate reaction. When ...
... lactate does not directly cause acidosis, nor is it responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness. This is because lactate itself is not capable of releasing a proton. The acidosis that is associated with increases in lactate concentration during heavy exercise arises from a separate reaction. When ...
ch25 Metabolism
... 1. Since glucose is the body’s preferred source for synthesizing ATP, the fate of absorbed glucose depends on the energy needs of body cells. 2. If the cells require immediate energy, glucose is oxidized by the cells to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incor ...
... 1. Since glucose is the body’s preferred source for synthesizing ATP, the fate of absorbed glucose depends on the energy needs of body cells. 2. If the cells require immediate energy, glucose is oxidized by the cells to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incor ...
notes - Main
... 1. Since glucose is the body’s preferred source for synthesizing ATP, the fate of absorbed glucose depends on the energy needs of body cells. 2. If the cells require immediate energy, glucose is oxidized by the cells to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incor ...
... 1. Since glucose is the body’s preferred source for synthesizing ATP, the fate of absorbed glucose depends on the energy needs of body cells. 2. If the cells require immediate energy, glucose is oxidized by the cells to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incor ...
Test File
... carbons are oxidized to two molecules of _______. 42. The reduced cofactors transfer their electrons to O2 to produce H2O via a set of four membrane-bound complexes collectively called the _______. These complexes pump _______ across the _______ membrane. 43. The _______ produced by this process dri ...
... carbons are oxidized to two molecules of _______. 42. The reduced cofactors transfer their electrons to O2 to produce H2O via a set of four membrane-bound complexes collectively called the _______. These complexes pump _______ across the _______ membrane. 43. The _______ produced by this process dri ...
Chapter 9 PP - Jones-Bio
... the enzyme-catalyzed transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate substrate to ADP. – This is how ATP is produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. • In an electron transport chain a proton gradient provides energy for ATP production; the membrane protein ATP synthase uses this energy t ...
... the enzyme-catalyzed transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate substrate to ADP. – This is how ATP is produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. • In an electron transport chain a proton gradient provides energy for ATP production; the membrane protein ATP synthase uses this energy t ...
chapt06HOv2.ppt
... § Prokaryotes remarkably diverse in using energy sources and terminal electron acceptors • Organic, inorganic compounds used as energy source • O2, other molecules used as terminal electron acceptor • Electrons removed through series of oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions • Substa ...
... § Prokaryotes remarkably diverse in using energy sources and terminal electron acceptors • Organic, inorganic compounds used as energy source • O2, other molecules used as terminal electron acceptor • Electrons removed through series of oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions • Substa ...
Document
... Entry of other carbohydrates into glycolysis Fructose Liver Cells They have another enzyme, fructokinase. • It has a stronger affinity for fructose. • It catalyzes phosphoryl group transfer from ATP to produce fructose-1phosphate. An aldolase-type cleavage and additional phosphorylation must also o ...
... Entry of other carbohydrates into glycolysis Fructose Liver Cells They have another enzyme, fructokinase. • It has a stronger affinity for fructose. • It catalyzes phosphoryl group transfer from ATP to produce fructose-1phosphate. An aldolase-type cleavage and additional phosphorylation must also o ...
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
... Iron forms a chelate with NADH and FAD(2H) that is necessary for them to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. Iron acts as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate DH in the TCA cycle, a reaction required for the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain. Iron accompanies the p ...
... Iron forms a chelate with NADH and FAD(2H) that is necessary for them to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. Iron acts as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate DH in the TCA cycle, a reaction required for the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain. Iron accompanies the p ...
to an allosteric site
... • • Mechanical work such as beating of cilia, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic flow, and chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. • • Transport work such as pumping substances across ...
... • • Mechanical work such as beating of cilia, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic flow, and chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. • • Transport work such as pumping substances across ...
Cellular Respiration - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... mitochondrion. Each 2-carbon acetyl group matches up with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two 6-carbon citrate molecules. As citrate bonds are broken and oxidation occurs, NADH and FADH2 are formed, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is able to produce one ATP per turn. Because ...
... mitochondrion. Each 2-carbon acetyl group matches up with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two 6-carbon citrate molecules. As citrate bonds are broken and oxidation occurs, NADH and FADH2 are formed, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is able to produce one ATP per turn. Because ...
Proteolytic activation
... - The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are not the reverse of one another; irreversible under physiological conditions without enzymes -With only the help of kinases and phosphatase, take place -The rate of cycling between the phosphorylated and the dephosphorylated states depends on the relati ...
... - The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are not the reverse of one another; irreversible under physiological conditions without enzymes -With only the help of kinases and phosphatase, take place -The rate of cycling between the phosphorylated and the dephosphorylated states depends on the relati ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.