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the roman empire - Marshall Community Schools
the roman empire - Marshall Community Schools

... general to retreat. In the fighting, both consuls died, leaving all the glory and military command to Octavian. • The Second Triumvirate • If Octavian had hoped for a hero's welcome upon returning to Rome, he was sorely disappointed. • The Senate had grown wary of the young Octavian and were relucta ...
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Julius-Caesar-as-a

PUBLIC OPINION, FOREIGN POLICY AND `JUST WAR` IN THE
PUBLIC OPINION, FOREIGN POLICY AND `JUST WAR` IN THE

... said to have indicated by a gesture that two commanders should be chosen, rather than one.15 If such a proposal was made, it must have been aimed at sabotaging Pompey’s appointment; but it also entailed acknowledging the legitimacy of extraordinary commands conferred by the people. The optimates of ...
The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus
The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus

... linked with parades, public meals, and lavish games. Imperial feast days became the high points of the entire year, when the citizenry could experi­ ence a sense of community. As part of the excitement, people streamed in from neighboring towns, markets were held, and self-important embassies came f ...
Ancient Rome I > Introduction
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... them. The Senators could simply ignore whatever the Assembly asked for. However, many times the Senate did actually listen to the Assembly because the Assembly had one very important power over the Senate. The Assembly had the power to elect the two Consuls. The Consuls were two Senators who shared ...
File - Greenwood Lakes Social Studies
File - Greenwood Lakes Social Studies

... decision. Caesar knew that if he obeyed the Senate and disbanded his army, his career would be over; but if he marched his troops across the river, the Senate would order Pompey and his army to retaliate. Today when people say they are “crossing the Rubicon,” they refer to a very significant decisio ...
hannibal - RedfieldAncient
hannibal - RedfieldAncient

...  He was received well by Antiochus III, who at the time was preparing for war with Rome.  It is said that though Antiochus honored Hannibal, he did not trust him with a position of power, and though he allowed him to advise him, little of what Hannibal said was used by the King. ...
Some Minor Magistrates of the Roman Republic
Some Minor Magistrates of the Roman Republic

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The Life and Career of Julius Caesar

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Patricians and Plebians

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Connor Harrison`s History Notes for Certamen

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Ch 8- Rise of Rome File
Ch 8- Rise of Rome File

... actually founded Rome. We do know, however, that their first settlements date from about 900 B.C. Rome grew slowly as the Romans fought their neighbors for land. About 600 B.C., a people called the Etruscans (ih TRUS kunz) held power in Rome. From the many examples of their writing that have been fo ...
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The Roman Period - Crestwood Local Schools
The Roman Period - Crestwood Local Schools

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PowerPoint Presentation - Gaius Julius Caesar
PowerPoint Presentation - Gaius Julius Caesar

... Greece to ready their army. Caesar easily takes Italy, Rome, and Spain. Outnumbered two to one, he faces Pompey in Greece, and crushes him. Pompey flees to Egypt. ...
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... Greece to ready their army. Caesar easily takes Italy, Rome, and Spain. Outnumbered two to one, he faces Pompey in Greece, and crushes him. Pompey flees to Egypt. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Gaius Julius Caesar
PowerPoint Presentation - Gaius Julius Caesar

... Greece to ready their army. Caesar easily takes Italy, Rome, and Spain. Outnumbered two to one, he faces Pompey in Greece, and crushes him. Pompey flees to Egypt. ...
Document
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... Greece to ready their army. Caesar easily takes Italy, Rome, and Spain. Outnumbered two to one, he faces Pompey in Greece, and crushes him. Pompey flees to Egypt. ...
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Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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