Download The Life and Career of Julius Caesar

The Life and Career of Julius Caesar Born July 13, 100 BCE in Rome. Assassinated march 15, 44 BCE1 Julius Caesar, a powerful ruler of Rome became extremely well known through his expansion of the Roman Empire and building and establishing the imperial system of Rome. He was sent to the Embassy of Bithynia Caesar was kidnapped by pirates in 75 BCE. He maintained a friendly relationship with them while being held captive, but then had them crucified when he was freed, as a warning to other pirates. He had their throats cut to quicken their deaths because they had treated them well. 72 BCE. Julius was elected military tribune 68/67. He was elected treasurer and got a seat in the senate. He became a political ally with Gnaeus Pompey and helped him fight against pirates, which later enabled Gnaeus to obtain command over the war in Asia Minor against King Mithridates. 65 BCE. Julius was elected ​
curule aedile and spent a lot of money on gambling to woo the public. He borrowed a lot of money from Crassus. 63 BCE. Julius was elected Pontifex Maximus, or, Chief Priest 62 BCE. Julius was elected Praetor of Further Spain. Pompey returned victorious from Asia Minor, but the senate could not give the veterans the land they earned because Crassus was intervening and he had disbanded his army before returning to Rome. Julius convinced the two men to work together and promised to support them if they helped him get elected to Consulship. 60 BCE. Julius returned to Crassus and Pompey, forming “The First Triumvirate” or, “The three­headed monster” according to their enemies 59 BCE. Julius was elected consul against Marcus Porcius Cato. Caesar worked closely with Pompey and Crassus, and secured himself a 5­year term proconsulship in Gaul 58 BCE. Julius left for Gaul and stayed there for 9 years. During this time he conquered what is now known as central europe, opening the rest of Europe up to the Mediterranean. He would conquer Europe in the summers, and return to Italy in the winter to pull strings in Roman politics. 56 BCE. Julius, Pompey and Crassus reunited in Gaul. Pompey and Crassus were made Consuls and Julius’ term was extended another 7 years. 54 BCE. Julius crossed the English Channel, not did not establish a base in Britain. His ties with Pompey became strained, and Crassus died in battle against the Parthians. 52 BCE. Rioting in Rome led to Pompey being elected “Consul without a colleague”. There were now little to no ties between him and Julius. Pompey moved to a different faction because he was in favour with the aristocrats. 51 BCE. Julius set up provincial administrations in the Gaul and published ​
“The Gallic Wars”​
. Other politicians tried to cut his term as governor short, and made it clear that if he ever returned to Rome as a private citizen, he would be prosecuted. He and Pompey were in a public split, and neither could yield without giving up honour, dignity and power. 49 BCE. Julius started a civil war by leading his armies across the Rubicon River, into Spain where Pompey had his legion. Pompey and the senate retreated to Brundisium, and sailed east. Julius went to Rome, set up his own senate and made himself a dictator. Caesar led <​
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his legions to Spain. After a short campaign, he returned to Rome and was elected consul again. 49 BCE. Pompey held power in Greece, and Caesar did not have good enough ships to invade with all his men. In the battle of Pharsalus, Caesar won despite being outnumbered more than 2:1. Julius pardoned all prisoners of war, but Pompey escaped and fled to Egypt October 2, 48 BCE. Julius, with 4,000 men, landed in Alexandria, to discover to his horror, that Pompey had been executed by the Egyptians. He demanded that the Egyptians pay the 40 million ​
sesterces ​
they owed him when he helped their previous pharaoh put down revolts. Cleopatra had been driven out of Alexandria, but snuck back in by pretending to be giving a rug as a gift to Julius, and got him to help her control the throne of Egypt. The palace was under siege, but Julius managed to regain the palace as well as the harbour and burned down the Egyptian fleet, and accidentally took down the Alexandrian Library as well. February, 47 BCE. Julius unsuccessfully tried to capture Pharos, a lighthouse in the middle of the harbour. March, 47 BCE. Julius sent for reinforcements. two legions and King Mithradates came to his aid. He joined them and defeated the Egyptian Army. June 23, 47 BCE. Julius left Alexandria having established Cleopatra as ruler of Egypt and an ally to Rome. August 47 BCE. Julius went to Asia Minor and quickly settled uprisings there. October, 47 BCE. Julius went back to Rome to fix problems caused by the poor management skills of Mark Antony. He tried to sail to Numidia because his enemies the Optimates had regrouped in and allied with Numidia, but his legions turned on him and refused to sail. After delivering a compelling speech, they changed their minds and went with him to Africa. After getting his but kicked, Cato decided he would rather commit suicide than be pardoned by Caesar. July 25, 46 BCE. Julius victoriously returned to Rome and celebrated four splendid consecutive triumphs. He settled Cleopatra and their one year old son in a villa near the Tiberius river. He wanted peace and security for the entire empire. He developed a plan to do a lot of things like reform the Roman calendar, resettling veterans, managing food distribution and strengthening the middle class. He started to govern more like a general than a politician. April, 45 BCE. Pompey’s sons, Gnaeus and Sextus led a revolt in Spain, and Caesar’s legates were unable to quell them so Caesar himself had to go to them. Caesar defeated them, and Gnaeus was killed in battle, but Sextus escaped and became leader of the pirates in the Mediterranean. October, 45 BCE. Julius celebrated his triumph over Gnaeus, which stirred up trouble because “triumphs” were reserved for foreigners. By now, Caesar was appointing all new magistrates. He was also practicing customs of other eastern tribes, like having statues of him made in the style of the statues for the gods, or having coins made with his portrait. The senate was also granting him rights to do things like have an adorned chair and wear purple and gold togas and wreath laurels to public events. When these customs were opposed by two tribunes, he removed them from the senate. February, 44 BCE. Julius Caesar was titled “​
dictator perpetuus​
”. At the feast of Lupercalia on February 15, Caesar wore his purple toga for the first time in public. There, Marc Antony offered him a diadem, but he said that only Jupiter is the king of the Romans. He could have done this to put an end to the speculation that he was trying to make himself king. Caesar was preparing to leave on the 18th of March on a campaign against the Parthians because they killed Crassus and stole his legions eagles. The eagles were very important to Roman legions because they are the bird of Jupiter. March 15, 44 BCE. Julius Caesar was assassinated at his last senate meeting before he left for his campaign against the Parthians