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The Roman Dictator
The Roman Dictator

... horrors of an unclear succession were still very fresh in the minds of Elizabethans who remembered the long-lasting and bloody Wars of the Roses that resulted from two rival branches of the royal family vying for the throne. Even more recently, the rapid successions of Edward, Lady Jane Gray, Mary, ...
Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

Democratic demo = people, cratic = government
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... and far away from the other areas that are not near the Temple and government rule. The Jewish population sees the demotion of Archelaus sons to simple tetrarchs as going against the Torah and not appointing a king. Jews felt a chasm for a king and attitudes towards the Romans became bitterer becaus ...
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Images of Rome. - Durham Research Online
Images of Rome. - Durham Research Online

... The image of the Roman empire has provided an origin myth for many of the peoples of Europe and, in particular, the West throughout history. Communities in the present-day Italian peninsula drew upon the Roman imperial past as a 'golden age of prosperity and centrality' from the early Middle Ages on ...
The Rise of the Roman Republic
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... word patres, which means "father." The patricians chose the "fathers of the state," the men who advised the Etruscan king. Patricians controlled the most valuable land. They also held the important military and religious offices. Lower-class citizens, called plebeians, were mostly peasants, laborers ...
Julius Caesar - WordPress.com
Julius Caesar - WordPress.com

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Άλλα Ονόματα Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος
Άλλα Ονόματα Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος

... 100 BC: Julius Caesar was born. 83-78 BC: He participated in the military expeditions in Asia Minor and gained distinctions. He convinced Nicomedes IV, king of Bithynia, to give his fleet to the Romans. 75 BC: During his travel to Greece his was kidnapped by pirates and was held prisoner for ransom. ...
Άλλα Ονόματα Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος
Άλλα Ονόματα Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος

... 100 BC: Julius Caesar was born. 83-78 BC: He participated in the military expeditions in Asia Minor and gained distinctions. He convinced Nicomedes IV, king of Bithynia, to give his fleet to the Romans. 75 BC: During his travel to Greece his was kidnapped by pirates and was held prisoner for ransom. ...
Ancient Rome - darke.k12.oh.us
Ancient Rome - darke.k12.oh.us

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... It is interesting that despite the almost complete fasti of various Roman provinces it is impossible to find Glabrio as a governor of any of them. This seems puzzling, especially in the case of proconsulates in Asia and Africa which were granted by the Senate. As a long-time consular, Glabrio should ...
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... household retainer of first Augustus, and then Asinius Pollio. Dionysios of Halikarnassos too came to Rome, voluntarily in his case, learned the language and spent a quarter century writing his Roman Archaeology. I arrived in Italy at the very time that Augustus Caesar put an end to the civil war, i ...
Slide 37
Slide 37

... ž They were engraved on stone tablets and put on display at the Forum in the city of Rome, so that everyone could see them and know the laws of Rome. This is assumed to have helped their crime rates and made Rome a better place. ...
The Catiline Conspiracy
The Catiline Conspiracy

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Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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