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roman history
roman history

... Tarquinius  Superbus  obtained  the  Sibylline  books,  but  only  after  letting  some  of  them   burn.   ...
Chapter 9: The Rise of Rome
Chapter 9: The Rise of Rome

... between these towns. These roads allowed troops to travel swiftly to any place in their growing territory. To rule their new conquests, the Romans created the Roman Confederation. Under this system, Romans granted full citizenship to some peoples, especially other Latins. They could vote and partici ...
Chapter 9: The Rise of Rome
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... between these towns. These roads allowed troops to travel swiftly to any place in their growing territory. To rule their new conquests, the Romans created the Roman Confederation. Under this system, Romans granted full citizenship to some peoples, especially other Latins. They could vote and partici ...
The life and death of Julius Caesar
The life and death of Julius Caesar

juliuscaesar_nn_ce
juliuscaesar_nn_ce

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Lays of Ancient Rome

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MAGISTRATE: The Most Important Political Body of Roman Republic
MAGISTRATE: The Most Important Political Body of Roman Republic

JULIUS CAESAR TEACHERS` NOTES Permission is granted for the
JULIUS CAESAR TEACHERS` NOTES Permission is granted for the

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... When the emperor Claudius Caesar returned to Rome, he was well celebrated. However, the way he did become well known was by making the Claudian Arch, also known as the Cult of Victoria Britannica. The victory arch was used by him for any parades he would do for the Roman people. He and his army woul ...
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The Gracchi and the Era of Grain Reform in Ancient Rome
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Julius Caesar: Master of the Roman World

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loyalty
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army
(Tac.
Ann.

73).
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their
adoration,
Germanicus
was
probably
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very
well
known
in
Rome.

In
AD
14,
he
was
appointed
as
the
commander
of
the
two
 Roman
armies
on
the
Rhine,
the
Army
of
Upper
and
Lower
Germany.

Subsequent
to
his
 two
campaigns
against
the
Germans,
he
w ...
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... fled with his followers. After a long and dangerous journey, he reached Italy. The story of this trip is told in the Aeneid (i-NEEid), an epic poem written by a poet named Virgil (VUHR-juhl) around 20 BC. According to the story, ...
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... phrase whose English translation is "the Senate and People of Rome". The Latin word for "tattoo" was stigma, and our modern meaning of stigmatize, as a pejorative, has clearly evolved from the Latin. It was slaves, gladiators, criminals, and later, soldiers, who were tattooed, as an identifying mark ...
Unit 25: A Roman Dictator
Unit 25: A Roman Dictator

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... many powers and titles. It was during Augustus’ First Settlement with the Senate in 27BC that many of these powers were granted. Cassius wrote, “And so the power both of the people and of the Senate passed entirely into the possession of Augustus” (source 2). He also states that “In order that they ...
< 1 ... 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... 138 >

Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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