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DEADLY STRUGGLES
DEADLY STRUGGLES

Debtor of the mighty
Debtor of the mighty

Hannibal
Hannibal

... soil, Carthage faced Rome's forces on many fronts, but at the decisive battle at Zama (near today's Maktar, Tunisia (see travel guide) in 202, Hannibal's troops fled, because the army facing him was too strong. This defeat brought the final end of the warfare, and Rome left as the stronger force. Pe ...
Julius Caesar - Arizona NROTC
Julius Caesar - Arizona NROTC

Ancient Rome in Modern Italy - Macalester`s Digital Commons
Ancient Rome in Modern Italy - Macalester`s Digital Commons

... was modeled after the Temple of Rome and Augustus at Ancyra, on which the Res Gestae were inscribed, Augustus’ role as the focal point was immediately clear. A large statue of Augustus raised on a red dais was also visible from the entrance, but one had to go through several rooms before actually en ...
fragments of book xxxiii
fragments of book xxxiii

... people of Marathus, ostensibly from the ambassadors, in which they informed them that the Aradians promised to send soldiers to their aid, hoping that, if the Marathenes believed that they had, in truth, allies on the way, their soldiers would be admitted to the city. (6) They were not, however, abl ...
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WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE???

... Temples - Pantheon ...
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THE SEVERAN DYNASTY brian campbell - Assets

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Michael Brudno
Michael Brudno

... and certainly the most powerful man in Rome. The only conclusion that can be drawn is that either the document is a fake or it is misplaced in its current position in the text. Later in the book Josephus provides us with some decrees which do bear Caesar’s name and could very well be authentic. Sta ...
The Late Republic - Parkway C-2
The Late Republic - Parkway C-2

... he used his wealth to dispense patronage and buy useful friends. At this point Pompey cautiously offered the oligarchy his support. It had much to give him that he wanted— control of the administrative machine, respectability, and the seal of public approval. Its leaders (even the intransigent youn ...
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Roman Research Paper-Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus

... Tiberius’ supporters were those who felt that they should have the right to elect the representatives that represented them and they should also reap the benefits of the state. The senate was afraid that with Tiberius’ growing support, there would be another king. When he ran for a second term as tr ...
Roman Research Paper-Gaius and Tiberius - 2010
Roman Research Paper-Gaius and Tiberius - 2010

... When Gaius went to Africa at the beginning of 122 B.C. to organize his new colony on the site of Carthage, the opposition rallied against him because of fear Gaius had too much power. Returning from Africa, Gaius rashly insisted on introducing his citizenship bill because he knew that he was losing ...
The Fall of Rome - Utah State University
The Fall of Rome - Utah State University

Augustus Lesson Plan
Augustus Lesson Plan

The General Influence of Roman Institutions of State and Public Law
The General Influence of Roman Institutions of State and Public Law

... On sovereignty, virtually the only text which raised the question of constitutional relations between emperor and people stated: "What the princeps decides has the force of statute, as the people, by the lex regia which was passed regarding his power, confers on him all its own power and authority"2 ...
Three Men in a Vote: Proscription and the Power of the Text
Three Men in a Vote: Proscription and the Power of the Text

... writing themselves onto the pages of history. Conversely, they knew, and so did Roman writers, that the narratives to which the Roman world subscribed were never in the gift of the players, but always beyond their command. The most absolute determination of a procedure, complete with bound-in prescr ...
Act I.s96
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... 17 ___ scolds the commoners for taking a holiday. He reminds them that not too long ago they gave the same praise to Pompey. 20 Flavius compares Caesar to a ___ whose feathers were the people which gave him flight. 21 Cassius also compared the Roman people to ___ and Caesar to a wolf. 22 Brutus' cha ...
Julius Caesar - Letters from English
Julius Caesar - Letters from English

... Julius Caesar: Background Their fears seem to be valid when Caesar refuses to enter Rome as an ordinary citizen after the war. ...
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Vespasian (70-79 AD): The Founder of a New Dynasty

... Titus Flavius Vespasian was not like the emperors who ruled before him, all of whom were from the Julio-Claudian Dynasty. He was not a noble or descendant of Caesar Augustus. Instead, he was the son of an equestrian and was born in the Sabine hills--the countryside outside Rome. Vespasian was not an ...
OCR Textbook - John D Clare
OCR Textbook - John D Clare

... By the death of Augustus, Rome controlled the areas around the Mediterranean either directly or indirectly through client kings. During the Augustan period, Rome had expanded her control to include Egypt and part of North Africa and the Middle East. Illyricum and areas north and west of Italy were a ...
Grundmann, Rom, e - Edition Axel Menges
Grundmann, Rom, e - Edition Axel Menges

... A27). Thus steep ridges like the one between the Capitol and the Quirinal hill were removed, in this case to make room for the imperial forum of Trajan (see A29), and Domenico Fontana, Sixtus V’s architect and engineer, thought it particularly worth mentioning that hills were removed and valleys fil ...
click here - abmun 2016
click here - abmun 2016

... First the plebeians  banded  together  to form separate assemblies,  for which they elected their own leaders.  At  the  time,  they   demanded  a  reduction  in  household  debt  and  reduced  income  inequality,  issues  that  plagued  the  lower classes. In 494 BCE, the plebeians threatened to le ...
Cato the Elder - School District of Clayton
Cato the Elder - School District of Clayton

Flamen Dialis
Flamen Dialis

... The Romans would name Caesar a Dictator for 10 years. Caesar made Mark Antony his 2nd in command. Instead of taking revenge on those that opposed him during the Roman Civil War, Caesar actually pardoned and forgave them all, including Brutus. ...
Social Hierarchy in the Roman Empire
Social Hierarchy in the Roman Empire

... chosen few who had been deliberately promoted by the emperor. •They were educated as young men for leadership, learning poetry and literature, history and geography. •The patrician class enjoyed special privileges: its members were excused from some military duties expected of other citizens, and on ...
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Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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