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Rome and the Punic Wars – A Growing Empire. Die Bedeutung der
Rome and the Punic Wars – A Growing Empire. Die Bedeutung der

... province: a territory that a Roman magistrate held control of on behalf of his government. The magistrate, usually a former consul, had control over the soldiers stationed in the province and had absolute executive and jurisdictional powers. The magistrate had to cooperate with the influential famil ...
On the Wings of Eagles - Cambridge Scholars Publishing
On the Wings of Eagles - Cambridge Scholars Publishing

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Greco-Roman Concepts of Deity - Digital Commons @ Liberty
Greco-Roman Concepts of Deity - Digital Commons @ Liberty

... Jupiter alone could empower other gods. As Zeus in Homer’s Iliad, Achilles’ mother Thetis acknowledges him greatest of the gods and how none can overcome him once he acts, something that Hera also acknowledges. All the emperors who wanted to be accorded divinity looked to Jupiter as their patron or ...
Caesar`s Rule and Caesar`s Death: Who Lost
Caesar`s Rule and Caesar`s Death: Who Lost

... Cesear accepted many of the offerings, but reduced the proffered ten year consulship to one year, to be served with Mark Anthony.16 In several different public situations he also rejected proffered kingship.17 However these were merely rejections of titles, real power lay in being declared dictator ...
Sourcebook p. 253-264
Sourcebook p. 253-264

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Water Supply, Drainage and Watermills ***** The aqueducts

... discussion of Roman imperial administration uses the cura aquarum of Rome as an example. For the republican period, though, little information is available, besides the fact that aediles and censors seem to have been given the task of supervising the building of new aqueducts, and praetors had juris ...
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Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage

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The Politics of Space in Early Modern Rome

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Rome had many clever and determined generals, but none has

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The praetor as a promoter of bonum commune

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Rome and Early Christianity Section 1

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Julius Caesar Background

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Slave Wars - UBC Blogs
Slave Wars - UBC Blogs

... 2. Even before the new uprising of the slaves in Sicily there had occurred in Italy a number of short-lived and minor revolts, as though the supernatural was indicating in advance the magnitude of the impending Sicilian rebellion. The first was at Nuceria, where thirty slaves formed a conspiracy and ...
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... prudence, deliberation, and industry. He had performed exploits in war which, though calamitous for the republic, were nevertheless mighty deeds. Having for many years aimed at being a king, he had with great labor, and much personal danger, accomplished what he intended. He had conciliated the igno ...
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Vix aerarium suffice ret. - Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies

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Chapter 33 – The Rise of the Roman Republic What were the

... the “fathers of the state,” the men who advised the Etruscan king. Patricians controlled the most valuable land. They also held the important military and religious offices. Free non-patricians called plebeians were mostly peasants, laborers, craftspeople, and shopkeepers. The word plebeian comes fr ...
Rome - Hempfield Area School District
Rome - Hempfield Area School District

...  In early Rome, a woman never ceased to be a child in the eyes of the law. She started out under the absolute authority of the paterfamilias.  When she married, she came under the jurisdiction of the paterfamilias of her husband’s ...
The Decline of the Small Roman Farmer and the Fall of the Roman
The Decline of the Small Roman Farmer and the Fall of the Roman

DEADLY STRUGGLES
DEADLY STRUGGLES

< 1 ... 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ... 138 >

Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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