2nd bio1 exam sample
... Q2. Write true (T) or false (F) 1) A cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be inefficient in cell-cell recognition. 2) The most accepted model of plasma membrane structure is the fluid mosaic model. 3) The presence of cholesterol in the plasma memb ...
... Q2. Write true (T) or false (F) 1) A cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be inefficient in cell-cell recognition. 2) The most accepted model of plasma membrane structure is the fluid mosaic model. 3) The presence of cholesterol in the plasma memb ...
Electron transport chain-2
... • Also called NADH-Coenzyme Q reductase because this large protein complex transfers 2 electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q. Complex I was known as NADH dehydrogenase. • Complex I (850,000 kD) contains a FMN prosthetic group which is absolutely required for activity and seven or more FeS clusters. • Th ...
... • Also called NADH-Coenzyme Q reductase because this large protein complex transfers 2 electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q. Complex I was known as NADH dehydrogenase. • Complex I (850,000 kD) contains a FMN prosthetic group which is absolutely required for activity and seven or more FeS clusters. • Th ...
Note sheet Chap 5, Sect 3
... __3__ NADH; __2__ ATP; and __1___ FADH2 (another electron carrier) are produced. The __NADH___ and ___FADH2____ are electron carriers and store energy. Electron Transport Chain Electrons donated by __NADH__ and __FADH2__ pass to an electron transport chain in the _folds__ of the __mitochondrion_____ ...
... __3__ NADH; __2__ ATP; and __1___ FADH2 (another electron carrier) are produced. The __NADH___ and ___FADH2____ are electron carriers and store energy. Electron Transport Chain Electrons donated by __NADH__ and __FADH2__ pass to an electron transport chain in the _folds__ of the __mitochondrion_____ ...
electron transport
... The open (O) conformation is inactive and has a low affinity for ligands; the L conformation (with “loose” affinity for ligands) is also inactive; the tight (T) conformation is active and has a high affinity for ligands. Synthesis of ATP is initiated (step 1) by binding of ADP and Pi to an L site. I ...
... The open (O) conformation is inactive and has a low affinity for ligands; the L conformation (with “loose” affinity for ligands) is also inactive; the tight (T) conformation is active and has a high affinity for ligands. Synthesis of ATP is initiated (step 1) by binding of ADP and Pi to an L site. I ...
The Citric Acid Cycle - Alfred State College
... Acid Cycle Occurs in Mitochondria • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix† • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner membrane ...
... Acid Cycle Occurs in Mitochondria • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix† • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner membrane ...
1 1) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most
... B) plant plasma membranes are impermeable to water. C) it shrivels. D) it becomes turgid. E) it is flaccid. 28) If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in a solution, that solution is said to be __________ to the cell. A) salty B) isotonic C) hypotonic D) hypertonic 29) The energy given ...
... B) plant plasma membranes are impermeable to water. C) it shrivels. D) it becomes turgid. E) it is flaccid. 28) If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in a solution, that solution is said to be __________ to the cell. A) salty B) isotonic C) hypotonic D) hypertonic 29) The energy given ...
3.7 Cell Respiration
... Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic molecules in cells to form ATP. 2. State the equation for the process of cell respiration. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy 3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of ...
... Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic molecules in cells to form ATP. 2. State the equation for the process of cell respiration. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy 3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of ...
Lesson
... ALCOHOL FERMENTATION Occurs in yeast, fungi, bacteria & plants Pyruvate becomes acetaldehyde Produces CO 2 ...
... ALCOHOL FERMENTATION Occurs in yeast, fungi, bacteria & plants Pyruvate becomes acetaldehyde Produces CO 2 ...
Bacterial Metabolism
... acceptors • ATP yields are small (per glucose molecule), compared to respiration • Must metabolize large amounts of glucose to produce equivalent respiratory ATPs ...
... acceptors • ATP yields are small (per glucose molecule), compared to respiration • Must metabolize large amounts of glucose to produce equivalent respiratory ATPs ...
Review 3
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
8.2 HL Respiration pPractice Questions
... 16. Annotate the diagram below with the stages of the electron transport chain and oxidative ...
... 16. Annotate the diagram below with the stages of the electron transport chain and oxidative ...
CHAPTER 6
... Figure 20.1 (a) A drawing of a mitochondrion with components labeled. (b) Tomography of a rat liver mitochondrion. The tubular structures in red, yellow, green, purple, and aqua represent individual cristae formed from the inner mitochondrial membrane. (b,Frey, T.G., and Mannella, C.A.,2000. The int ...
... Figure 20.1 (a) A drawing of a mitochondrion with components labeled. (b) Tomography of a rat liver mitochondrion. The tubular structures in red, yellow, green, purple, and aqua represent individual cristae formed from the inner mitochondrial membrane. (b,Frey, T.G., and Mannella, C.A.,2000. The int ...
as Powerpoint presentation
... Cytochrome c is a small (10kda) soluble protein that moves in the space between the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria or bacteria. Carries electrons from cytochrome bc1 to cytochrome oxidase. Cytochrome aa3 (Complex IV); Cytochrome oxidase. A membrane protein with two haem a, and 3 copper a ...
... Cytochrome c is a small (10kda) soluble protein that moves in the space between the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria or bacteria. Carries electrons from cytochrome bc1 to cytochrome oxidase. Cytochrome aa3 (Complex IV); Cytochrome oxidase. A membrane protein with two haem a, and 3 copper a ...
Question
... a. Charging electrons to power ATP synthase b. Catalyzing the formation of acetyl-CoA c. Providing electrons and H+ to the electron transport chain d. Transporting CO2 into the mitochondria e. Acting as a terminal electron acceptor ...
... a. Charging electrons to power ATP synthase b. Catalyzing the formation of acetyl-CoA c. Providing electrons and H+ to the electron transport chain d. Transporting CO2 into the mitochondria e. Acting as a terminal electron acceptor ...
Cellular Respiration
... H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is the final electron acceptor molecule in the ETC The maximum amount of ATP produced is 36ATP ...
... H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is the final electron acceptor molecule in the ETC The maximum amount of ATP produced is 36ATP ...
Ch 9 Power Point - Cellular Respiration
... from the substrate (sugar) & delivers 2e- and 1 proton (H+) to NAD+ - releases other H+ • Oxygen is the eventual eacceptor ...
... from the substrate (sugar) & delivers 2e- and 1 proton (H+) to NAD+ - releases other H+ • Oxygen is the eventual eacceptor ...
Cell Physiology
... result in an enzyme conformational change that either turns the enzyme “on or off” If the modulator is bound by non-covalent forces; it is allosteric modulation (the most common type); if bound covalently, it is covalent modulation (which is more difficult to ...
... result in an enzyme conformational change that either turns the enzyme “on or off” If the modulator is bound by non-covalent forces; it is allosteric modulation (the most common type); if bound covalently, it is covalent modulation (which is more difficult to ...
Cellular Respiration
... energy electrons enter the chain, low energy electrons leave. There is a series of carriers that transport the electrons, first reduced when it accepts the electrons, then oxidized when it releases them. ...
... energy electrons enter the chain, low energy electrons leave. There is a series of carriers that transport the electrons, first reduced when it accepts the electrons, then oxidized when it releases them. ...
AP Biology: Chapter 9
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
i. introduction to metabolism and catabolism
... (1) The phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell 2. The glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged into fructose-6-phosphate 3. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-diphsophate a) This step uses another ATP molecule 4. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetone and 3-phosph ...
... (1) The phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell 2. The glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged into fructose-6-phosphate 3. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-diphsophate a) This step uses another ATP molecule 4. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetone and 3-phosph ...
Exam II Sample (1710).doc
... strongly negative. near zero. weakly positive. positive but driven by ATP hydrolysis. ...
... strongly negative. near zero. weakly positive. positive but driven by ATP hydrolysis. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.