Cellular Respiration - Chapter 8 (new book).
... “producers – plants, some bacteria) while other obtain their food molecules from other sources (heterotrophic – animals, fungi) ...
... “producers – plants, some bacteria) while other obtain their food molecules from other sources (heterotrophic – animals, fungi) ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... Once inside the cell, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate. What is the main purpose of this phosphorylation? (1) To keep glucose inside the cell (3) To form a high-energy compound ...
... Once inside the cell, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate. What is the main purpose of this phosphorylation? (1) To keep glucose inside the cell (3) To form a high-energy compound ...
9 outline bio119 respiration
... gradient (part of the PMF) Can run in reverse to generate a proton gradient: 1 mol of F1 >> hydrolyzes 104 ATP to ADP + Pi 3-4 protons per ATP synthesized ...
... gradient (part of the PMF) Can run in reverse to generate a proton gradient: 1 mol of F1 >> hydrolyzes 104 ATP to ADP + Pi 3-4 protons per ATP synthesized ...
Recitation 3 - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... • When energy is transformed, some forms are unavailable to work with, lost as heat ...
... • When energy is transformed, some forms are unavailable to work with, lost as heat ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Nutrient processing is varied, yet in many cases is based on three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO2 and gives off energy. • Aerobic respiration – glycolysis, the TCA cycle, respiratory chain • Anaerobic respiration - glycolysis, the TCA cycle, respiratory chain; molecular oxygen is n ...
... • Nutrient processing is varied, yet in many cases is based on three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO2 and gives off energy. • Aerobic respiration – glycolysis, the TCA cycle, respiratory chain • Anaerobic respiration - glycolysis, the TCA cycle, respiratory chain; molecular oxygen is n ...
electron transport chain
... The most active NADH shuttle, which functions in liver, kidney, and heart mitochondria, is the malate-aspartate ...
... The most active NADH shuttle, which functions in liver, kidney, and heart mitochondria, is the malate-aspartate ...
IB BIO II Cell Respiration Van Roekel Cell Respiration Review
... 1. What it the electron transport chain? Collection of molecule embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that are oxidized and reduced to provide energy for chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation. 2. What molecules are electron carriers? NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that donate their ...
... 1. What it the electron transport chain? Collection of molecule embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that are oxidized and reduced to provide energy for chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation. 2. What molecules are electron carriers? NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that donate their ...
Cellular Respiration
... molecule of pyruvic acid. This step is really a preparation (NADH and FADH2) for the next process which will produce a majority of the ATP. •The ...
... molecule of pyruvic acid. This step is really a preparation (NADH and FADH2) for the next process which will produce a majority of the ATP. •The ...
Unit Test: Metabolism
... 25. In Kreb’s Cycle, what enzyme(s) would be required to XXX into YYY? 26. During the Oxydation of Pyruvate, what biproduct is released from the process? 27. FADH2 is unable to pass through….. 28. The efficiency of a fatty acid molecule, compared to an equal number of carbons in glucose form, is ...
... 25. In Kreb’s Cycle, what enzyme(s) would be required to XXX into YYY? 26. During the Oxydation of Pyruvate, what biproduct is released from the process? 27. FADH2 is unable to pass through….. 28. The efficiency of a fatty acid molecule, compared to an equal number of carbons in glucose form, is ...
Bez nadpisu
... succinate, fatty acyl-CoA, and glycerol-3-phosphate to ubiquinone (UQ). Electrons from NADH pass through a flavoprotein to a series of iron-sulfur proteins (in Complex I ) and then to UQ. Electrons from succinate pass through a flavoprotein and several Fe-S centers (in Complex II) on the way to UQ. ...
... succinate, fatty acyl-CoA, and glycerol-3-phosphate to ubiquinone (UQ). Electrons from NADH pass through a flavoprotein to a series of iron-sulfur proteins (in Complex I ) and then to UQ. Electrons from succinate pass through a flavoprotein and several Fe-S centers (in Complex II) on the way to UQ. ...
Respiration Cellular respiration Redox Various Ways of Harvesting
... than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Microbiology Jeopardy Review Game
... This process drives the action of this critical enzyme required for the cell’s energy needs. ...
... This process drives the action of this critical enzyme required for the cell’s energy needs. ...
Slide 1
... The process in which the energy stored in a glucose molecule is released by oxidation. H+ atoms are lost by glucose and gained by oxygen. ...
... The process in which the energy stored in a glucose molecule is released by oxidation. H+ atoms are lost by glucose and gained by oxygen. ...
electron transport chain
... Fe-S cluster, then from the Fe-S cluster to the oxidized Q to give the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q. This happens again to reduce the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to th ...
... Fe-S cluster, then from the Fe-S cluster to the oxidized Q to give the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q. This happens again to reduce the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to th ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... energy has been used to cause an energy conformation that favors ATP formation ...
... energy has been used to cause an energy conformation that favors ATP formation ...
Chapter 5 Test Review
... membrane, the O2 is released and the H+ join with NADP+ 8. PSII – ATP, PSI – NADPH 9. ATP (to Calvin cycle), NADPH (to Calvin Cycle), O2 (released to atmosphere) 10. ATP, NADPH ...
... membrane, the O2 is released and the H+ join with NADP+ 8. PSII – ATP, PSI – NADPH 9. ATP (to Calvin cycle), NADPH (to Calvin Cycle), O2 (released to atmosphere) 10. ATP, NADPH ...
Newby From Patient to Payment 5th Edition Chapter 8
... the inner mitochondrial membrane? A) cytochrome b-c1 B) cytochrome oxidase C) NADH dehydrogenase D) succinate reductase E) All of the above components of the electron transport chain actively pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
... the inner mitochondrial membrane? A) cytochrome b-c1 B) cytochrome oxidase C) NADH dehydrogenase D) succinate reductase E) All of the above components of the electron transport chain actively pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
• Microbial Metabolism • What is metabolism? • All chemical
... Oxidation is the removal of electrons. Reduction is the gain of electrons. Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. Oxidation-Reduction In biological systems, the electrons are often associated with hydrogen atoms. Biological oxidations are often dehydrogenations. Wh ...
... Oxidation is the removal of electrons. Reduction is the gain of electrons. Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. Oxidation-Reduction In biological systems, the electrons are often associated with hydrogen atoms. Biological oxidations are often dehydrogenations. Wh ...
Metabolic Minimap article
... had never really thought about this part of it before. Where do the hydride ions in the NADH come from? There is no structural hydrogen that can be utilized, and whereas coenzymes may be a transient source they cannot (by definition) be the ultimate. Although the electrons of the hydride ion come fr ...
... had never really thought about this part of it before. Where do the hydride ions in the NADH come from? There is no structural hydrogen that can be utilized, and whereas coenzymes may be a transient source they cannot (by definition) be the ultimate. Although the electrons of the hydride ion come fr ...
Respiration Notes (chapter 8)
... -occurs on the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane. -produces 32-34 ATP using Chemiosmosis - e- of NADH & FADH2 (produced in steps 1&2). -the ETC consists of: 1.NADH dehydrogenase or reductase protein 2.Cytochromes (proteins) 3.at the end of the chain is oxygen -the energy derived from the E ...
... -occurs on the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane. -produces 32-34 ATP using Chemiosmosis - e- of NADH & FADH2 (produced in steps 1&2). -the ETC consists of: 1.NADH dehydrogenase or reductase protein 2.Cytochromes (proteins) 3.at the end of the chain is oxygen -the energy derived from the E ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.