Describe and discuss the process of chemiosmosis in eukaryotic
... A. Trace the pathway of electrons from glucose through the entire process of aerobic cellular respiration and describe all significant events in which energy is transferred between molecules. (3 pt maximum) __Redox: Energy is derived from electrons in “food” or glucose or metabolites of glucose __Sp ...
... A. Trace the pathway of electrons from glucose through the entire process of aerobic cellular respiration and describe all significant events in which energy is transferred between molecules. (3 pt maximum) __Redox: Energy is derived from electrons in “food” or glucose or metabolites of glucose __Sp ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
... 161. Which of the following statements about NAD+ is FALSE? a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. *b. NAD+ has more chemical potential energy than NADH. c. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. d. In the absence ...
... 161. Which of the following statements about NAD+ is FALSE? a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. *b. NAD+ has more chemical potential energy than NADH. c. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. d. In the absence ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
... 161. Which of the following statements about NAD+ is FALSE? a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD+ has more chemical potential energy than NADH. c. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. d. In the absence ...
... 161. Which of the following statements about NAD+ is FALSE? a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD+ has more chemical potential energy than NADH. c. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. d. In the absence ...
Microbial Metabolism
... by oxidationreduction reactions. 1.Energy is transferred when electrons from a molecule being oxidized are shifted to a molecule being reduced. a. Oxidation is the removal of electrons b. Reduction is the gaining of electrons c. Oxidation and reduction always occur together. d. Most microorganisms o ...
... by oxidationreduction reactions. 1.Energy is transferred when electrons from a molecule being oxidized are shifted to a molecule being reduced. a. Oxidation is the removal of electrons b. Reduction is the gaining of electrons c. Oxidation and reduction always occur together. d. Most microorganisms o ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
Cellular Respiration Handout
... The electron transport chain takes place in the inner mitochondrion membrane. The first step is the transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH+H+ to FMN, the first carrier in the chain. In this transfer, a hydride ion H- passes to FMN, which then picks up an additional H+ from the surrounding aqueo ...
... The electron transport chain takes place in the inner mitochondrion membrane. The first step is the transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH+H+ to FMN, the first carrier in the chain. In this transfer, a hydride ion H- passes to FMN, which then picks up an additional H+ from the surrounding aqueo ...
Lecture 28, Apr 7
... distinct aqueous spaces (the intermembrane space, the stroma and the lumen) from the cytoplasmic matrix. The reactions of photosynthesis require the stroma and the lumen, as well as the thylakoid membrane that separates these spaces. ...
... distinct aqueous spaces (the intermembrane space, the stroma and the lumen) from the cytoplasmic matrix. The reactions of photosynthesis require the stroma and the lumen, as well as the thylakoid membrane that separates these spaces. ...
1. Diagram the biosynthetic pathway fiom UMP),
... label get into PEP and glucose? (10%) Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondria1 matrix to the external medium, establishing a pH gradient across the inner membrane (outside more acidic than inside). The tendency of protons to diffuse back into the matrix is the driving force for ...
... label get into PEP and glucose? (10%) Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondria1 matrix to the external medium, establishing a pH gradient across the inner membrane (outside more acidic than inside). The tendency of protons to diffuse back into the matrix is the driving force for ...
I. Background - Berks Catholic
... been completely oxidized All the H’s have been removed from glucose Electron Transport a. Reason – even though glucose has been oxidized very little energy has been released. It is all tied up in NADH. Energy must be released by passing the electrons to lower energy levels. This is done by elect ...
... been completely oxidized All the H’s have been removed from glucose Electron Transport a. Reason – even though glucose has been oxidized very little energy has been released. It is all tied up in NADH. Energy must be released by passing the electrons to lower energy levels. This is done by elect ...
Chapter 5 - Missouri State University
... Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Cristae of inner _______________________ membrane contain molecules that serve as an electron transport system during aerobic respiration. –Electron transport chain consists of _______________________________), coenzyme Q, and cytochromes. –Each ___ ...
... Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Cristae of inner _______________________ membrane contain molecules that serve as an electron transport system during aerobic respiration. –Electron transport chain consists of _______________________________), coenzyme Q, and cytochromes. –Each ___ ...
powerpoint 24 Aug
... chain (protein) folding and coiling around itself. This forms the active site (binding site) of the enzyme. The enzyme is held in a specific configuration (tertiary structure) by H-bonding, sulfide bridges, and non-polar/non-polar interactions. In order for amylase to break down starch it must bind ...
... chain (protein) folding and coiling around itself. This forms the active site (binding site) of the enzyme. The enzyme is held in a specific configuration (tertiary structure) by H-bonding, sulfide bridges, and non-polar/non-polar interactions. In order for amylase to break down starch it must bind ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... NAD+ must be present available for this process. For aerobic organisms this is not a problem, NAD+ is regenerated during oxidative phosphorylation (ETC). Fermentation is the pathway that some prokaryotes always have to take (obligate anaerobes). This pathway is also used by prokaryotes and yeasts ...
... NAD+ must be present available for this process. For aerobic organisms this is not a problem, NAD+ is regenerated during oxidative phosphorylation (ETC). Fermentation is the pathway that some prokaryotes always have to take (obligate anaerobes). This pathway is also used by prokaryotes and yeasts ...
9.2 The Process of Respiration
... 1. Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning (Cytochrome A) 2. As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient (ACTIVE TRANSPOR ...
... 1. Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning (Cytochrome A) 2. As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient (ACTIVE TRANSPOR ...
The structure and function of the Mitochondrion
... •Folded into cristae to increase the surface area to maximize the rate at which ATP is produced. •Contains stalked proteins called particles called ATP synthetase. •H⁺ flow down to produce energy to convert ADP + Pi → ATP. ...
... •Folded into cristae to increase the surface area to maximize the rate at which ATP is produced. •Contains stalked proteins called particles called ATP synthetase. •H⁺ flow down to produce energy to convert ADP + Pi → ATP. ...
Chapter 7
... hydrogen ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane; with the intermembrane space having a higher concentration of hydrogen ions. Oxygen accepts the electron from the final cytochrome in the chain, and it is reduc ...
... hydrogen ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane; with the intermembrane space having a higher concentration of hydrogen ions. Oxygen accepts the electron from the final cytochrome in the chain, and it is reduc ...
Khan Academy 15min cell respiration
... An ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by using some form of energy. This energy is often in the form of protons moving down an electrochemical gradient, such as from the ...
... An ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by using some form of energy. This energy is often in the form of protons moving down an electrochemical gradient, such as from the ...
Exam 2
... compound, acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon compound and, through several enzymecatalyzed steps, the result is one molecule of ATP, three NADH molecules, and one FADH2 molecule. ...
... compound, acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon compound and, through several enzymecatalyzed steps, the result is one molecule of ATP, three NADH molecules, and one FADH2 molecule. ...
Cellular Respiration
... 1> Glycolysis: a series of chemical reactions that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH an ...
... 1> Glycolysis: a series of chemical reactions that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH an ...
Name
... 16)Name and briefly describe the 4 steps of glycolysis 17)17)What is the net yield of ATP From glycolysis? 18)3) What happens to NADH after glycolysis? 19)4) What are the 2 ways NADH is recycled back to NAD+? 7.4 Oxidation of Pyruvate 20)What are the 2 steps Energy from pyruvate is harvested? 21)Wri ...
... 16)Name and briefly describe the 4 steps of glycolysis 17)17)What is the net yield of ATP From glycolysis? 18)3) What happens to NADH after glycolysis? 19)4) What are the 2 ways NADH is recycled back to NAD+? 7.4 Oxidation of Pyruvate 20)What are the 2 steps Energy from pyruvate is harvested? 21)Wri ...
Chapter 7 Harvesting Energy Slides
... proton pump •Protons (H+) are pumped from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space •These protons push through the ATP synthase making its “motor work” •ADP and Phosphate are put together to make ATP in the matrix ...
... proton pump •Protons (H+) are pumped from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space •These protons push through the ATP synthase making its “motor work” •ADP and Phosphate are put together to make ATP in the matrix ...
Exam #2
... pumps protons for establishing the PMF)? Explain the potential competitive advantage for survival of photoheterotrophic bacteria in the surface of the open ocean compared to bacteria that are heterotrophs (recall that the open ocean has very low supply of organic nutrients; i.e. it’s oligotrophic). ...
... pumps protons for establishing the PMF)? Explain the potential competitive advantage for survival of photoheterotrophic bacteria in the surface of the open ocean compared to bacteria that are heterotrophs (recall that the open ocean has very low supply of organic nutrients; i.e. it’s oligotrophic). ...
Cellular Respiration
... STAGE TWO – Fermentation (without O2) in the ABSENCE of oxygen, NADH generated from glycolysis passes its H atoms to either acetaldehyde to produce ethanol or to pyruvate to produce lactic acid. Products of ...
... STAGE TWO – Fermentation (without O2) in the ABSENCE of oxygen, NADH generated from glycolysis passes its H atoms to either acetaldehyde to produce ethanol or to pyruvate to produce lactic acid. Products of ...
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE
... 1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________ 2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________ 3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________ 4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the ...
... 1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________ 2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________ 3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________ 4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.