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CH 9 Study Guide
... And who carries the energy for them to the next step? ATP and NADPH 6. In the second step of photosynthesis (the calvin cycle): A. What powers this reaction? Carbon dioxide and water B. What is happening in the dark reaction? using energy from ATP and NADPH to create glucose C. Where does it occur? ...
... And who carries the energy for them to the next step? ATP and NADPH 6. In the second step of photosynthesis (the calvin cycle): A. What powers this reaction? Carbon dioxide and water B. What is happening in the dark reaction? using energy from ATP and NADPH to create glucose C. Where does it occur? ...
Chapter 3 Bioenergetics
... 3. Of the following substances, ubiquinone, cytochrome c, NAD+, NADH, O2, H2O, which is the strongest reducing agent ? Which is the strongest oxidizing agent ? Which has the greatest affinity for electrons ? 4. Suppose that you are able to manipulate th epotential of the inner membrane of an mitocho ...
... 3. Of the following substances, ubiquinone, cytochrome c, NAD+, NADH, O2, H2O, which is the strongest reducing agent ? Which is the strongest oxidizing agent ? Which has the greatest affinity for electrons ? 4. Suppose that you are able to manipulate th epotential of the inner membrane of an mitocho ...
Homework #4: VERSION 2.1
... Don’t forget 2 – the hard copy you hand in during class should only have the last four digits of your PID # as an identifier. ...
... Don’t forget 2 – the hard copy you hand in during class should only have the last four digits of your PID # as an identifier. ...
Mitochondria
... are metabolized in the matrix space. 10. Matrix enzymes include those that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetylCoA, and those that utilise acetylCoA in the Citric Acid Cycle. Principal end products of this oxidation are CO2 which is released from the cell, and NADH, which is the mai ...
... are metabolized in the matrix space. 10. Matrix enzymes include those that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetylCoA, and those that utilise acetylCoA in the Citric Acid Cycle. Principal end products of this oxidation are CO2 which is released from the cell, and NADH, which is the mai ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Photosynthesis and many other biological energy transformations involve similar proton gradients. In fact, it has gradually been realised that setting up proton-motive forces by chemiosmosis underpins much of Biology. In the present context, the work to be done is ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphoryl ...
... Photosynthesis and many other biological energy transformations involve similar proton gradients. In fact, it has gradually been realised that setting up proton-motive forces by chemiosmosis underpins much of Biology. In the present context, the work to be done is ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphoryl ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... #26. How many ATP’s are produced using glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation? #27. What happens to the NADH molecules produced during glycolysis? #28. What decides which pathway pyruvic acid follows after glycolysis? ...
... #26. How many ATP’s are produced using glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation? #27. What happens to the NADH molecules produced during glycolysis? #28. What decides which pathway pyruvic acid follows after glycolysis? ...
Cellular Respiration
... Happens in mitochondrial matrix Goal: generate ATP, FADH2 and NADH from pyruvate Series of redox reactions ...
... Happens in mitochondrial matrix Goal: generate ATP, FADH2 and NADH from pyruvate Series of redox reactions ...
The Kreb`s Cycle
... CCCCCC CCC + CCC CC + CC + CO2 + CO2 4 CO2 (glucose) (2 pyruvate) (2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2) (4CO2) Energy stored in 2 ATP (1 ATP/acetyl CoA molecule) ...
... CCCCCC CCC + CCC CC + CC + CO2 + CO2 4 CO2 (glucose) (2 pyruvate) (2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2) (4CO2) Energy stored in 2 ATP (1 ATP/acetyl CoA molecule) ...
chap18 oxidative phosphorylation
... Fe-S is called iron sulfur protein. For simplicity I used Fe-SH; but that is not the way the reaction occurs. This step leads to the pumping of 4 protons outside of inner mitochondrial membrane. But the mechanism is not known. Complex II is succinate – Coenzyme Q reductase – the electrons from FADH2 ...
... Fe-S is called iron sulfur protein. For simplicity I used Fe-SH; but that is not the way the reaction occurs. This step leads to the pumping of 4 protons outside of inner mitochondrial membrane. But the mechanism is not known. Complex II is succinate – Coenzyme Q reductase – the electrons from FADH2 ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review
... 15. Is the phosphorylation reaction in the Krebs cycle substrate level or oxidative? 16. How is FADH2 similar to the NADH produced during glycolysis? 17. How is the structure of the mitochondrion suited to its function? 18. As electrons are passed along the ETC they lose energy. Where does this ener ...
... 15. Is the phosphorylation reaction in the Krebs cycle substrate level or oxidative? 16. How is FADH2 similar to the NADH produced during glycolysis? 17. How is the structure of the mitochondrion suited to its function? 18. As electrons are passed along the ETC they lose energy. Where does this ener ...
PPT File
... the inner membrane of the mitochondria that each have a successively high attraction for electrons than the previous one. ...
... the inner membrane of the mitochondria that each have a successively high attraction for electrons than the previous one. ...
Cell Physiology
... • Cell are the smallest unit of life • All cells come from pre-existing cells ...
... • Cell are the smallest unit of life • All cells come from pre-existing cells ...
reactions --- electrons can`t flow in a vacuum, oxidation reactions
... However, living systems cannot take H2 and ½ O2 directly to H2O in one step, too much energy is released. Living systems have a solution to this problem: ...
... However, living systems cannot take H2 and ½ O2 directly to H2O in one step, too much energy is released. Living systems have a solution to this problem: ...
Mark scheme Outline the process of glycolysis. (5 marks) occurs in
... large surface area to volume ratio allows rapid uptake / release of materials matrix contains enzymes of the Krebs cycle / matrix carries out Krebs cycle inner membrane invaginated / infolded / forms cristae to increase the surface area large surface area gives more space for electron transport chai ...
... large surface area to volume ratio allows rapid uptake / release of materials matrix contains enzymes of the Krebs cycle / matrix carries out Krebs cycle inner membrane invaginated / infolded / forms cristae to increase the surface area large surface area gives more space for electron transport chai ...
Unit_5_Topic_7_Run_for_your_life_Revision_Questions
... 1. the structure of a muscle fibre 2. the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement, including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors. 3. the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to releas ...
... 1. the structure of a muscle fibre 2. the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement, including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors. 3. the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to releas ...
Cellular Energy hbio 09 tri 1
... – With oxygen – Dominant – Mitochondria – O2 as final e- acceptor ...
... – With oxygen – Dominant – Mitochondria – O2 as final e- acceptor ...
BIO 220 Chapter 5 lecture outline Metabolism definition Collision
... 5. Describe the general structure and characteristics of an enzyme. 6. Explain the mechanism by which enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 7. Why would a particular enzyme be able to bind to only one or a small number of substrates? 8. What is the function of each type of enzyme listed in table 5.1 ...
... 5. Describe the general structure and characteristics of an enzyme. 6. Explain the mechanism by which enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 7. Why would a particular enzyme be able to bind to only one or a small number of substrates? 8. What is the function of each type of enzyme listed in table 5.1 ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation Goal: ATP Synthesis
... energy has been used to cause an energy conformation that favors ATP formation ...
... energy has been used to cause an energy conformation that favors ATP formation ...
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1992.
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
Chapter6summaryHO
... E. coli has a succinate dehydrogenase equivalent to complex II of mitochondria. In addition E. coli has several alternative complexes in order to take advantage of different energy sources. Hydrogen is one. (No complex III or cytochrome c equivalents though). Instead quinones shuttle electrons to on ...
... E. coli has a succinate dehydrogenase equivalent to complex II of mitochondria. In addition E. coli has several alternative complexes in order to take advantage of different energy sources. Hydrogen is one. (No complex III or cytochrome c equivalents though). Instead quinones shuttle electrons to on ...
role of respiration in glycolysis, co2 and h20 production
... Set of the metabolic reactions that occur in cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions that involve the oxidation of one molecule and the reduction of another. ...
... Set of the metabolic reactions that occur in cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions that involve the oxidation of one molecule and the reduction of another. ...
Respiration - csfcA2Biology
... Key Idea: When something is reduced it gains electrons and protons. These electrons and protons have usually come from another chemical, so that chemical has been oxidised. Therefore a REDOX reaction has taken place. This is also true if something is oxidised it has lost electrons and protons. These ...
... Key Idea: When something is reduced it gains electrons and protons. These electrons and protons have usually come from another chemical, so that chemical has been oxidised. Therefore a REDOX reaction has taken place. This is also true if something is oxidised it has lost electrons and protons. These ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.