chapter7_Sections 5
... 1. NADH and FADH2 (high-energy molecules created by earlier steps) deliver electrons to electron transfer chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Electron flow through the chains causes hydrogen ions (H+) to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space 3. The electron transfer chains c ...
... 1. NADH and FADH2 (high-energy molecules created by earlier steps) deliver electrons to electron transfer chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane 2. Electron flow through the chains causes hydrogen ions (H+) to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space 3. The electron transfer chains c ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration - SBI
... Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Glucose reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP) • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) • For one molecule of glucose, 36 molecules of ATP are formed ...
... Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Glucose reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP) • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) • For one molecule of glucose, 36 molecules of ATP are formed ...
File
... •Oxygen = “terminal electron acceptor” •Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the ETC and H+ ions to form water as a byproduct of aerobic respiration ...
... •Oxygen = “terminal electron acceptor” •Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the ETC and H+ ions to form water as a byproduct of aerobic respiration ...
ENERGETICS
... Calculate how many ATP can be produced during this process from the 1 molecule of glucose. ...
... Calculate how many ATP can be produced during this process from the 1 molecule of glucose. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
... Concept 9.1: Catabolic Pathways Yield Energy By Oxidizing Organic Fuels o Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP o Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction Concept 9.2: Glycolysis Harvests Chemical Energy By Oxidizing Glucose To Pyruvate Concept 9.3: The Citric Acid Cycle Concept 9.4: During Oxida ...
... Concept 9.1: Catabolic Pathways Yield Energy By Oxidizing Organic Fuels o Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP o Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction Concept 9.2: Glycolysis Harvests Chemical Energy By Oxidizing Glucose To Pyruvate Concept 9.3: The Citric Acid Cycle Concept 9.4: During Oxida ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • The NADH and FADH2, formed during glycolysis, βoxidation and the TCA cycle, give up their electrons to reduce molecular O2 to H2O. • Electron transfer occurs through a series of protein electron carriers, the final acceptor being O2; the pathway is called as the electron transport chain. • ETC tak ...
... • The NADH and FADH2, formed during glycolysis, βoxidation and the TCA cycle, give up their electrons to reduce molecular O2 to H2O. • Electron transfer occurs through a series of protein electron carriers, the final acceptor being O2; the pathway is called as the electron transport chain. • ETC tak ...
BY 123 Mock Exam #2 Answer Key Chapters 8,9,10,12,13 Catabolic
... a. NAD+ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the electrons of NADH passing through the electron transport chain b. Pyruvate still contains most of the “hilltop” electrons that were present in glucose c. Its starting reactant is pyruvate and not glucose d. A and b are correct e. A ...
... a. NAD+ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the electrons of NADH passing through the electron transport chain b. Pyruvate still contains most of the “hilltop” electrons that were present in glucose c. Its starting reactant is pyruvate and not glucose d. A and b are correct e. A ...
2.2 cellular respiration: the details
... glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle and carry it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the origina ...
... glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle and carry it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the origina ...
2 ATP - (canvas.brown.edu).
... Broken: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond Formed: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond ...
... Broken: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond Formed: (1) P—O bond, (1) H—O bond ...
Cellular Respiration - Local.brookings.k12.sd.us
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
101 -- 2006
... __ 50. The primary function of the mitochondrion is the production of ATP. To carry out this function, the mitochondrion must have all of the following EXCEPT a) the membrane-bound electron transport chain. b) proton pumps embedded in the inner membrane. c) enzymes for glycolysis. d) enzymes for the ...
... __ 50. The primary function of the mitochondrion is the production of ATP. To carry out this function, the mitochondrion must have all of the following EXCEPT a) the membrane-bound electron transport chain. b) proton pumps embedded in the inner membrane. c) enzymes for glycolysis. d) enzymes for the ...
Energy Releasing Pathway
... Liberates H+ and NAD+ steals the electrons from H+ to form NADH + H +. The hole left by the leaving H+ is backfilled by Pi. This step balances the G3P with a P on either end. This happens twice or once for each G3P. How many NADH + H+ are formed per glucose? ...
... Liberates H+ and NAD+ steals the electrons from H+ to form NADH + H +. The hole left by the leaving H+ is backfilled by Pi. This step balances the G3P with a P on either end. This happens twice or once for each G3P. How many NADH + H+ are formed per glucose? ...
Cell Resp. Study Guide
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in free _______ ...
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in free _______ ...
Name: Date: Concept Check Questions Chapter 8 (orange) or 6
... 2. A key process in metabolism is the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. In some conditions, H+ ions flow back across the membrane and come to equal concentrations on each side. In which conditions can the H+ ions perform work in this system? 8.3 ATP powers cel ...
... 2. A key process in metabolism is the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. In some conditions, H+ ions flow back across the membrane and come to equal concentrations on each side. In which conditions can the H+ ions perform work in this system? 8.3 ATP powers cel ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... C) NAD+ picks up H from glucose D) Intermediate splits into 2 pyruvates E) 4 ATP generated (net gain of 2 ATP) F) NADH drops hydrogen off on pyruvates G) CO2 and alcohol by products form ...
... C) NAD+ picks up H from glucose D) Intermediate splits into 2 pyruvates E) 4 ATP generated (net gain of 2 ATP) F) NADH drops hydrogen off on pyruvates G) CO2 and alcohol by products form ...
CHAPTER OUTLINE
... 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Reaction The preparatory reaction occurs inside the mitochondria. It produces the molecule that can enter the citric acid from pyruvate. Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of mitochondria. It oxidizes ...
... 7.4 Inside the Mitochondria Preparatory Reaction The preparatory reaction occurs inside the mitochondria. It produces the molecule that can enter the citric acid from pyruvate. Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of mitochondria. It oxidizes ...
Active Transport
... Moving molecules against their concentration gradient is known as Active Transport. Energy is required because molecules are being pumped against their concentration gradient Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. These protein pumps are membrane bound receptors. ...
... Moving molecules against their concentration gradient is known as Active Transport. Energy is required because molecules are being pumped against their concentration gradient Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. These protein pumps are membrane bound receptors. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... • This oxidation powers the reduction of 3 NAD+ 3 NADH and 1 FAD+ FADH2 as well as the phosphorylation of ADP ATP. • Also get e-’s and protons (H+) for ETC/Chemiosomosis ...
... • This oxidation powers the reduction of 3 NAD+ 3 NADH and 1 FAD+ FADH2 as well as the phosphorylation of ADP ATP. • Also get e-’s and protons (H+) for ETC/Chemiosomosis ...
18.3 Important Coenzymes
... • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP ...
... • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP ...
Respiration - Biology Innovation
... NADH2 and FADH2 produced by the Krebs cycle are used under aerobic conditions to supply electrons for the electron transport chain but also to supply protons for the proton pumps, across the inner membrane. At the end of this process you are left with 6 CO2 compounds, 4 ATP molecules, 10 NADH2 and 2 ...
... NADH2 and FADH2 produced by the Krebs cycle are used under aerobic conditions to supply electrons for the electron transport chain but also to supply protons for the proton pumps, across the inner membrane. At the end of this process you are left with 6 CO2 compounds, 4 ATP molecules, 10 NADH2 and 2 ...
The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but
... The aerobic system, which is dependent on oxygen, is the most complex of the three energy systems. The metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen are responsible for most of the cellular energy produced by the body. However, aerobic metabolism is the slowest way to resynthesize AT ...
... The aerobic system, which is dependent on oxygen, is the most complex of the three energy systems. The metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen are responsible for most of the cellular energy produced by the body. However, aerobic metabolism is the slowest way to resynthesize AT ...
9.2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Reading Guide
... The energy from the electrons moving down the chain is used to move H+ ions across the . inner membrane H+ ions build up in the space, making it positively charged and making the matrix negatively charged. intermembrane H+ ions move through channels of in the inner membrane.ATP synthase The ATP synt ...
... The energy from the electrons moving down the chain is used to move H+ ions across the . inner membrane H+ ions build up in the space, making it positively charged and making the matrix negatively charged. intermembrane H+ ions move through channels of in the inner membrane.ATP synthase The ATP synt ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 8 “Glycolysis”
... The electrons and protons in the reaction are derived from food molecules. The enzymes that catalyze redox reactions involving NAD carriers are called dehydrogenases. Chemical energy from reduced NADH is usually released by the processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, which we ...
... The electrons and protons in the reaction are derived from food molecules. The enzymes that catalyze redox reactions involving NAD carriers are called dehydrogenases. Chemical energy from reduced NADH is usually released by the processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, which we ...
BIOCHEM MID SEM EXAM 2014 The Foundations of Biochemistry
... Qu. Describe the physical foundations of biochemistry. 1. Energyà ATP àADP + Pi, ΔG = ΔH –T.ΔS Qu. How is ATP produced? 1. Glycolysisà occurs in the cytosol. It’s the pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. o The energy released in this process is used to form ATP and NADH ...
... Qu. Describe the physical foundations of biochemistry. 1. Energyà ATP àADP + Pi, ΔG = ΔH –T.ΔS Qu. How is ATP produced? 1. Glycolysisà occurs in the cytosol. It’s the pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. o The energy released in this process is used to form ATP and NADH ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.