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General Biology I Online – Lecture Midterm REVIEW (2).
... What is the atomic mass and atomic number? What is the valence shell? When there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms, what will be the result? What type of chemical bond occurs specifically between one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom in a water molecule? Which term describes the t ...
... What is the atomic mass and atomic number? What is the valence shell? When there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms, what will be the result? What type of chemical bond occurs specifically between one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom in a water molecule? Which term describes the t ...
Citric acid Cycle:
... 6. Where do the additional 6 oxygen atoms come from, to generate 6 molecules of carbon dioxide? 7. How many grams of glucose is needed to elevate an object of 50 Kg to the height of 100 meters. Assume that all the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used with 100% efficiency in this work, and G = ...
... 6. Where do the additional 6 oxygen atoms come from, to generate 6 molecules of carbon dioxide? 7. How many grams of glucose is needed to elevate an object of 50 Kg to the height of 100 meters. Assume that all the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used with 100% efficiency in this work, and G = ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... from one molecule to another. NAD+ is an electron carrier. -NAD accepts 2 electrons and 1 proton to become NADH -the reaction is reversible ...
... from one molecule to another. NAD+ is an electron carrier. -NAD accepts 2 electrons and 1 proton to become NADH -the reaction is reversible ...
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb
... process, general understanding of each process, number of ATP & product at each stage produced by 1 glucose molecule Role of NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A Similarities and differences between aerobic cellular respiration, anaerobic lactic acid (lactate) production, anaerobic alcohol production, general reac ...
... process, general understanding of each process, number of ATP & product at each stage produced by 1 glucose molecule Role of NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A Similarities and differences between aerobic cellular respiration, anaerobic lactic acid (lactate) production, anaerobic alcohol production, general reac ...
BIGA 0 - SFSU Chemistry
... a. Manager: this person manages the group and ensures that the assigned tasks are being accomplished on time and that everyone in the group is participating. The manager will also be the only one to relay any questions the group may have to the instructor. b. Recorder: the recorder records the names ...
... a. Manager: this person manages the group and ensures that the assigned tasks are being accomplished on time and that everyone in the group is participating. The manager will also be the only one to relay any questions the group may have to the instructor. b. Recorder: the recorder records the names ...
1. Metabolism refers to A) pathways of chemical reactions that build
... D) ketones are produced. 9. Which of the following metabolic pathways occur(s) in the cytoplasm of the cell? A) Glycolysis B) Fermentation C) Krebs cycle D) Electron transport chain 10. The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the metabolic pathways listed below? I. Gly ...
... D) ketones are produced. 9. Which of the following metabolic pathways occur(s) in the cytoplasm of the cell? A) Glycolysis B) Fermentation C) Krebs cycle D) Electron transport chain 10. The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the metabolic pathways listed below? I. Gly ...
Cellular_Respiration_overviewap
... Electron Transport Chain: Along the inner membrane of the mitochondria The final step of aerobic cellular respiration is called the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC works with the 10 NADH’s and 2 FADH2’s produced from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. The electrons stored by NADH and FADH2 get ...
... Electron Transport Chain: Along the inner membrane of the mitochondria The final step of aerobic cellular respiration is called the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC works with the 10 NADH’s and 2 FADH2’s produced from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. The electrons stored by NADH and FADH2 get ...
Cell Respiration
... The final recipient of these e- is oxygen. Oxygen is reduced to form water. This is the only stage of cellular respiration that uses oxygen. ...
... The final recipient of these e- is oxygen. Oxygen is reduced to form water. This is the only stage of cellular respiration that uses oxygen. ...
Name KEY Block Date Ch 8 – Photosynthesis + Ch 9 – Cellular
... processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not require oxygen (an= without) 24. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Briefly describe each and state where they take place. (1-2 sentences) a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid b. Krebs Cycle ...
... processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not require oxygen (an= without) 24. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Briefly describe each and state where they take place. (1-2 sentences) a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid b. Krebs Cycle ...
CHAPTER 3: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... Preparatory Reaction The preparatory reaction occurs inside the mitochondria. It produces the molecule from pyruvate that can enter the citric acid cycle. Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of mitochondria. It oxidizes acetyl groups to carbo ...
... Preparatory Reaction The preparatory reaction occurs inside the mitochondria. It produces the molecule from pyruvate that can enter the citric acid cycle. Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the matrix of mitochondria. It oxidizes acetyl groups to carbo ...
Membrane Transport
... • The cell membrane is semipermeable • Small, nonpolar molecules can get through • Large, polar, or charged molecules need help from proteins to cross the membrane ...
... • The cell membrane is semipermeable • Small, nonpolar molecules can get through • Large, polar, or charged molecules need help from proteins to cross the membrane ...
RESPIRATION: SYNTHESIS OF ATP
... NADH, FADH2; citric acid cycle stops. ! Without air, some cells regenerate NAD+ (from glycolysis only) by passing e- (+ H+) to pyruvic acid ! Result: continued glycolysis, forming 2 ATP per ...
... NADH, FADH2; citric acid cycle stops. ! Without air, some cells regenerate NAD+ (from glycolysis only) by passing e- (+ H+) to pyruvic acid ! Result: continued glycolysis, forming 2 ATP per ...
Essential Concept of Metabolism
... Fate of electrons: 1. Electron transport chains splits the hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 into H+ and electrons. 2. the protons are forced into the space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, where they accumulate high levels and lower the pH. 3. The ETC transfer the electrons from on ...
... Fate of electrons: 1. Electron transport chains splits the hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 into H+ and electrons. 2. the protons are forced into the space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, where they accumulate high levels and lower the pH. 3. The ETC transfer the electrons from on ...
Black-Chapter 5 – Essential Concept of Metabolism
... Molecular oxygen is final acceptor for electrons and hydrogen:produces relatively large amount of ATP; ex. many bacteria, fungi, protozoa and animals. In anaeroboic , the metabolic reactions involve the same three steps as for aerobic respiration, but does not use molecular oxygen as the final elect ...
... Molecular oxygen is final acceptor for electrons and hydrogen:produces relatively large amount of ATP; ex. many bacteria, fungi, protozoa and animals. In anaeroboic , the metabolic reactions involve the same three steps as for aerobic respiration, but does not use molecular oxygen as the final elect ...
Name Date Ch 7 – Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (Biology
... Concept 7.5 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen. 23. What conditions force the cell to go into the fermentation process? At what point in the three processes of cellular respiration does this happen? ...
... Concept 7.5 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen. 23. What conditions force the cell to go into the fermentation process? At what point in the three processes of cellular respiration does this happen? ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... dehydrogenase, found in the membrane, links its citric acid cycle task directly to the electron transport chain. It extracts hydrogen atoms from succinate and transfers them first to the carrier FAD and finally to the mobile electron carrier ubiquinone. ...
... dehydrogenase, found in the membrane, links its citric acid cycle task directly to the electron transport chain. It extracts hydrogen atoms from succinate and transfers them first to the carrier FAD and finally to the mobile electron carrier ubiquinone. ...
Name: Per
... 1. The energy released by “falling” electrons moving through the electron transport chain (ETC) is used to pump ________ ions into the thylakoid. 2. Where is the [H+] the greatest? 3. Discuss the movement of H+ in terms of concentration gradient. 4. What type of transport is this? 5. The H+ ions the ...
... 1. The energy released by “falling” electrons moving through the electron transport chain (ETC) is used to pump ________ ions into the thylakoid. 2. Where is the [H+] the greatest? 3. Discuss the movement of H+ in terms of concentration gradient. 4. What type of transport is this? 5. The H+ ions the ...
Citric Acid Cycle - Progetto e
... dehydrogenase, found in the membrane, links its citric acid cycle task directly to the electron transport chain. It extracts hydrogen atoms from succinate and transfers them first to the carrier FAD and finally to the mobile electron carrier ubiquinone. ...
... dehydrogenase, found in the membrane, links its citric acid cycle task directly to the electron transport chain. It extracts hydrogen atoms from succinate and transfers them first to the carrier FAD and finally to the mobile electron carrier ubiquinone. ...
electron transport chain
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
Chapter 9 Notes: Cellular Respiration
... iii. This process is anaerobic – it does not require oxygen b. Steps of Oxidative Respiration: i. This process is aerobic- it requires oxygen ii. Pyruvate is broken down into pyruvic acid. iii. Krebs Cycle - pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions; high-energy ...
... iii. This process is anaerobic – it does not require oxygen b. Steps of Oxidative Respiration: i. This process is aerobic- it requires oxygen ii. Pyruvate is broken down into pyruvic acid. iii. Krebs Cycle - pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions; high-energy ...
Bio 20 5.3 Rs Notes
... Remember where oxidation and reduction occurs in photosynthesis? H2O is oxidized to O2 + H+ + 2e- in the thylakoid lumen. O2 becomes a product and is released to the atmosphere, the H+ ions are used to help generate the H+ gradient for chemiosmosis and for reduction reactions, and the 2e- (electrons ...
... Remember where oxidation and reduction occurs in photosynthesis? H2O is oxidized to O2 + H+ + 2e- in the thylakoid lumen. O2 becomes a product and is released to the atmosphere, the H+ ions are used to help generate the H+ gradient for chemiosmosis and for reduction reactions, and the 2e- (electrons ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) • For each turn of the cycle, 3 Carbon atoms are lost to Carbon Dioxide – All 6 carbons exit the system by the end of the Kreb cycle. ...
... phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) • For each turn of the cycle, 3 Carbon atoms are lost to Carbon Dioxide – All 6 carbons exit the system by the end of the Kreb cycle. ...
Review Notes - Biochemistry
... 1. Ionic Bonding: When _1_ or more electrons are _TRANSFERRED_ from one atom to another. Ion: an atom with a_CHARGE_. When an electron is gained it will be _NEGATIVE_charged and when an electron is lost it will be _POSITIVE_ charged. ...
... 1. Ionic Bonding: When _1_ or more electrons are _TRANSFERRED_ from one atom to another. Ion: an atom with a_CHARGE_. When an electron is gained it will be _NEGATIVE_charged and when an electron is lost it will be _POSITIVE_ charged. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.