Download Name KEY Block Date Ch 8 – Photosynthesis + Ch 9 – Cellular

Name
KEY
Block
Date
Ch 8 – Photosynthesis + Ch 9 – Cellular Respiration
Study Guide
1. Use the words ‘capture’ or ‘release’ to complete the sentences below:
a. Photosynthesis is used to
b. Cellular respiration is used to
Capture
energy as food.
Release
energy from food.
Ch 8 – Photosynthesis
2. What is ATP? (what is it used for?)
adenosine triphosphate – used as the primary energy source
for cell processes
3. Name the three parts of an ATP molecule and diagram it below.
4. How is energy released from an ATP molecule?
Energy is released when the third phosphate
group is removed from the ATP (forming ADP)
5. What is ADP? How is it formed?
Adenosine Diphosphate – formed when the third
phosphate is removed from the ATP molecule (releasing energy in the process)
6. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
Heterotrophs –
must consume other organisms for food. Autotrophs – make their own food
7. What are pigments used for? What pigments do most plants use?
Pigments – molecules that
absorb visible light (like from the sun). Plants use chlorophyll and accessory pigments called
carotenoids (such as carotene)
8. What colors of visible light does chlorophyll absorb? What colors does it reflect? Chlorophyll
absorbs all colors (red, blue, violet, etc.) EXCEPT green and yellow (which are reflected)
9. Name and describe the three main parts of a chloroplast, then diagram them below:
a.
Grana – stacks of membrane discs (thylakoids)
b. Thylakoids – membrane sacks (disc shaped)
c. Stroma – internals space surrounding thylakoids/grana
10. What are the two stages of photosynthesis? Briefly summarize each:
a. Light-Dependent Reactions – (light absorption) uses sunlight to produce two energy
carriers, NADPH and ATP
b. Light-independent reactions – uses carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce glucose, using
energy from NADPH and ATP (from step 1)
11. Where to do the light-dependent reactions occur?
12. What is NADP+?
On the membrane of the thylakoids
High-Energy carrier that transfers electrons during photosynthesis
13. What are the two main products of the light-dependent reactions? NADPH & ATP
14. What are these products used for?
Used as energy in the light-independent reactions
15. What is another name for the light-independent reactions?
Calvin Cycle
16. Where do the light-independent reactions occur? Stroma of the chloroplasts
17. What is the main product of the light-independent reactions?
Glucose
18. What molecule is used to make this product? (hint: what enters the Calvin Cycle? CO2
19. What is the job of water (H2O) during photosynthesis?
Water is broken down to replace the
electrons that are used during the light-dependent reactions (released as O2)
20. Write the overall chemical reaction (equation) for photosynthesis and write the name of each
molecule involved:
6CO2 + 6 H2O -----Sunlight----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Ch 9 – Cellular Respiration
21. Where in the cell does most of cellular respiration occur?
In the Mitochondria
22. Briefly summarize the process of cellular respiration. (It can be done in one sentence! Look in your notes!)
The breakdown of food to release energy, in the presence of oxygen
Oxygen and glucose (or other molecules) are broken down and converted into Carbon Dioxide,
water, and energy in the form of ATP
23. What is the difference between an aerobic process and an anaerobic process?
Aerobic
processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not require oxygen (an= without)
24. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Briefly describe each and state where they
take place. (1-2 sentences)
a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
b. Krebs Cycle -Pyruvic acid is added to a cycle of chemical reactions where it is broken own
into carbon dioxide in order to from the energy carriers FADH2, more NADH and ATP
c. Electron transport (chain) - Energy carriers NADH and FADH2 pass an electron along a chain
of molecules on the inner mitochondrial membrane.The electrons generate enough energy
to produce large amounts of ATP
25. What are the main products of each of the steps above?
a. Glycolysis – in the cytoplasm
b. Krebs cycle – in the mitochondria (inner space)
c. Electron transport – on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
26. Which of the molecules (electron carriers) made during Glycolysis and krebs cycle give electrons
to the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
27. How much ATP is made in total in cellular respiration? 36 molecules for 1 molecule of glucose
28. Write the overall chemical reaction (equation) for cellular respiration and write the name of
each molecule involved:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
29. What occurs after glycolysis if no oxygen (O2) is present in the cell?
Fermentation
30. Why is fermentation used? (Don’t say ‘because oxygen is not present!’) it uses the the NADH
produced during glycolysis to convert it back to NAD+. The NAD+ is then used to keep glycolysis
going so that some ATP can be made (no ATP is made from fermentation)
31. Name the two types of fermentation and state what organisms usually perform each type.
Alcoholic Fermentation – used by microorganisms like yeast. Lactic acid – humans ,many others
32. What molecule is required during fermentation to convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid or ethyl
alcohol and carbon dioxide? (what is the energy source?)
NADH
33. What is made during lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic Acid & NAD+
34. What is made during alcoholic fermentation?
Ethyl Alcohol, CO2, and NAD+