AP Biology - gwbiology
... a. Where does the C “go” that is removed? It becomes CO2, which is then exhaled from the body. ...
... a. Where does the C “go” that is removed? It becomes CO2, which is then exhaled from the body. ...
Unit 4 (Bioenergetics - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration)
... b. Reactant – Pyruvate Product – CO2 (because all of the hydrogens are pulled off), 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH2 (another electron carrier) c. To finish break down glucose to make electron carrier (NADH and FADH2) 3. Oxidative phosphorylation a. Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae – folded for more surf ...
... b. Reactant – Pyruvate Product – CO2 (because all of the hydrogens are pulled off), 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH2 (another electron carrier) c. To finish break down glucose to make electron carrier (NADH and FADH2) 3. Oxidative phosphorylation a. Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae – folded for more surf ...
Photosynthetic Reactions
... of rubisco to react with several substrates decreases the efficiency of the protein. This potential means that if an O2 is randomly passing through the various membranes in the chloroplast it might encounter a rubisco enzyme and react with it. Each of these examples shows the way that the two cycles ...
... of rubisco to react with several substrates decreases the efficiency of the protein. This potential means that if an O2 is randomly passing through the various membranes in the chloroplast it might encounter a rubisco enzyme and react with it. Each of these examples shows the way that the two cycles ...
Macromoleucles Notes
... ____________________ _____________________ - usually bonded to oxygen, hydrogen, and other carbon atoms. Most of the matter in your body is _______________!! These are compounds that usually come from organisms Macromolecules Cells and their organelles are made up of smaller building blocks ...
... ____________________ _____________________ - usually bonded to oxygen, hydrogen, and other carbon atoms. Most of the matter in your body is _______________!! These are compounds that usually come from organisms Macromolecules Cells and their organelles are made up of smaller building blocks ...
Lecture #4 Date
... CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) • Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) • For each acetyl CoA that enters: – 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH; – 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 – 1 ATP molecule produced ...
... CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) • Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) • For each acetyl CoA that enters: – 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH; – 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 – 1 ATP molecule produced ...
Cellular Respiration
... used to make ATP’s (34/ glucose) STEP 4: The Hydrogens and their electrons which now have the normal amount of energy (lost the extra absorbed by the sun during the e.t.c) combine with oxygen to form water. There isn’t a big energy change all at once so there is no explosion just the loss of a reaso ...
... used to make ATP’s (34/ glucose) STEP 4: The Hydrogens and their electrons which now have the normal amount of energy (lost the extra absorbed by the sun during the e.t.c) combine with oxygen to form water. There isn’t a big energy change all at once so there is no explosion just the loss of a reaso ...
CHM 105 - Test 3 Review
... 31. Give an example of the strand above with a point mutation. 32. What are most likely outcomes for the cell if an uncorrected mutation occurs in the DNA? 33. During glycolysis fructose-1,6-diphosphate is broken into these two 3 carbon phosphates _____________________________ and __________________ ...
... 31. Give an example of the strand above with a point mutation. 32. What are most likely outcomes for the cell if an uncorrected mutation occurs in the DNA? 33. During glycolysis fructose-1,6-diphosphate is broken into these two 3 carbon phosphates _____________________________ and __________________ ...
051607
... • Cooperativity – Multiple binding sites – Two states: high affinity (R for Hb) & low (T) – Different factors influence the R↔T equil • Oxygen: allosteric activator (positive) • BPG, H+, etc.: allosteric inhibitors ...
... • Cooperativity – Multiple binding sites – Two states: high affinity (R for Hb) & low (T) – Different factors influence the R↔T equil • Oxygen: allosteric activator (positive) • BPG, H+, etc.: allosteric inhibitors ...
This is Most of an Old Exam
... Answer 2 of the following four questions. Use no more than half a page for each answer and be sure to indicate which questions are being answered. 4. There are at least two gradients important in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. What are two of the gradients and why are they important to t ...
... Answer 2 of the following four questions. Use no more than half a page for each answer and be sure to indicate which questions are being answered. 4. There are at least two gradients important in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. What are two of the gradients and why are they important to t ...
biology 110
... 18. Why must the total numbers of ATPs produced in glycolysis have to be explained in terms of net ATPs? 19. What is the significance of anaerobic conditions to glycolysis? Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? 20. Using formulas, show the difference between fermentation in plants and in animals. ...
... 18. Why must the total numbers of ATPs produced in glycolysis have to be explained in terms of net ATPs? 19. What is the significance of anaerobic conditions to glycolysis? Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? 20. Using formulas, show the difference between fermentation in plants and in animals. ...
Sample Question Set 5a
... 3. Choose the best definition for a near-equilibrium reaction: (i) always operates with a favorable free energy change (ii) has a free energy change near zero (iii) is usually a control point in a metabolic pathway (iv) operates very slowly in vivo. 4. Creatine kinase catalyzes the following reactio ...
... 3. Choose the best definition for a near-equilibrium reaction: (i) always operates with a favorable free energy change (ii) has a free energy change near zero (iii) is usually a control point in a metabolic pathway (iv) operates very slowly in vivo. 4. Creatine kinase catalyzes the following reactio ...
Name - Phillips Scientific Methods
... 5. Click on ETC. Where in the mitochondria does the ETC occur? __________________________________ 6. Click on ATP synthesis. As the electron from NADH enters the chain, what is pumped into the inter-membrane space? ______ How many? ______. As the electron from FADH2 enters the chain, how many are p ...
... 5. Click on ETC. Where in the mitochondria does the ETC occur? __________________________________ 6. Click on ATP synthesis. As the electron from NADH enters the chain, what is pumped into the inter-membrane space? ______ How many? ______. As the electron from FADH2 enters the chain, how many are p ...
Metabolism, Glycolysis, & Fermentation
... electron transport chain). 2. Compare the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with glycolysis in terms of energy production and products. 3. Describe fermentation and contrast it with respiration. 4. Identify useful end-products of fermentation, and explain how fermentation re ...
... electron transport chain). 2. Compare the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with glycolysis in terms of energy production and products. 3. Describe fermentation and contrast it with respiration. 4. Identify useful end-products of fermentation, and explain how fermentation re ...
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
... • O2: high “reduction potential” • Substrates – Organic cofactors – Metals (iron/sulfur clusters) – cytochromes ...
... • O2: high “reduction potential” • Substrates – Organic cofactors – Metals (iron/sulfur clusters) – cytochromes ...
Lecture 8 - Harford Community College
... glycolysis, the transition step, and the TCA cycle to synthesize ATP • Occurs through a combination of two mechanisms ...
... glycolysis, the transition step, and the TCA cycle to synthesize ATP • Occurs through a combination of two mechanisms ...
FERMENTATION: an anaerobic biological reaction process in which
... FERMENTATION: an anaerobic biological reaction process in which a reduced organic compound (like glucose) acts as an electron donor and another organic compound acts as an electron acceptor What are the products of fermentation in yeast? ...
... FERMENTATION: an anaerobic biological reaction process in which a reduced organic compound (like glucose) acts as an electron donor and another organic compound acts as an electron acceptor What are the products of fermentation in yeast? ...
Kreb`s Cycle - Montgomery College
... Electron Transport Chain Electron shuttling proteins are called flavoproteins, iron-sulphur proteins, and cytochromes Each protein in the series is more electronegative than its predecessor ...
... Electron Transport Chain Electron shuttling proteins are called flavoproteins, iron-sulphur proteins, and cytochromes Each protein in the series is more electronegative than its predecessor ...
Chapter 8 Worksheet
... O2). Energy released by the electrons is used to move protons – 10(H+ ions, ADP molecules) – by 11(active transport, passive transport) into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. ...
... O2). Energy released by the electrons is used to move protons – 10(H+ ions, ADP molecules) – by 11(active transport, passive transport) into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. ...
Energy metabolism - Donald Edward Winslow
... A closed system does not exchange energy or matter with anything outside it. ...
... A closed system does not exchange energy or matter with anything outside it. ...
Lecture 14: Alternative Pathways in Cell respiration
... Alternative Pathways in cell respiration ...
... Alternative Pathways in cell respiration ...
Lecture 6
... or carriers. • Energy produced from movement of the protons back across the membrane is used by ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP . • Electron carriers are located: • In eukaryotes – in the inner mitochondrial membrane; ...
... or carriers. • Energy produced from movement of the protons back across the membrane is used by ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP . • Electron carriers are located: • In eukaryotes – in the inner mitochondrial membrane; ...
Cellular Respiration
... the same way under both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions Splits apart a single glucose molecule (6 carbon) into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon). 2 ATP are yielded. Occurs in cytoplasm Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted by fermentation to lactic acid ...
... the same way under both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions Splits apart a single glucose molecule (6 carbon) into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon). 2 ATP are yielded. Occurs in cytoplasm Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted by fermentation to lactic acid ...
General Biology I Online – Lab Midterm REVIEW
... What is the atomic mass and atomic number? What is the valence shell? When there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms, what will be the result? What type of chemical bond occurs specifically between one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom in a water molecule? Which term describes the t ...
... What is the atomic mass and atomic number? What is the valence shell? When there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms, what will be the result? What type of chemical bond occurs specifically between one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom in a water molecule? Which term describes the t ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.