Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration
... The electron transport chain consists of 3 complexes of integral membrane proteins the NADH dehydrogenase complex (I), the cytochrome c reductase complex (III), the cytochrome c oxidase complex (IV) and two freely-diffusible molecules ubiquinone and cytochrome c that shuttle electrons from one compl ...
... The electron transport chain consists of 3 complexes of integral membrane proteins the NADH dehydrogenase complex (I), the cytochrome c reductase complex (III), the cytochrome c oxidase complex (IV) and two freely-diffusible molecules ubiquinone and cytochrome c that shuttle electrons from one compl ...
Microbial Metabolism Notes
... (i) O2 is considered the final electron acceptor (c) redox energy is used to pump H+ into the cell (i) creates a higher concentration in ICF (d) H+ is moved out through ATPsynthase creating ATP as it moves out (e) each NADH has enough energy to produce 3 ATP and each FADH2 can produce 2 (i) 30 ATP f ...
... (i) O2 is considered the final electron acceptor (c) redox energy is used to pump H+ into the cell (i) creates a higher concentration in ICF (d) H+ is moved out through ATPsynthase creating ATP as it moves out (e) each NADH has enough energy to produce 3 ATP and each FADH2 can produce 2 (i) 30 ATP f ...
Cellular Respiration
... it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. ...
... it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. ...
Ch9Overview9-1KEY
... is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy is exergonic, releasing 686 kcal/mol of glucose decomposed is a redox reaction: glucose is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced transfers electrons to a lower energy state, liberating energy consists of many steps, each one catalyzed by an enzyme, so that the en ...
... is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy is exergonic, releasing 686 kcal/mol of glucose decomposed is a redox reaction: glucose is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced transfers electrons to a lower energy state, liberating energy consists of many steps, each one catalyzed by an enzyme, so that the en ...
SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M.
... investment phase (in which two ATP must be "spent") and an energy-‐payoff phase (in which four ATP are produced). This results in a net gain of two ATP per glucose molecule. Glycolysis occurs in ...
... investment phase (in which two ATP must be "spent") and an energy-‐payoff phase (in which four ATP are produced). This results in a net gain of two ATP per glucose molecule. Glycolysis occurs in ...
Chemolithotrophs use electron donors oxidized in the
... nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and thermoacidophiles. Chemolithotrophic growth could be dramatically fast, such as Thiomicrospira crunogena with adoubling time around one hour. In chemolithotrophs, the compounds - the electron donors - are oxidized in the cell, and the ...
... nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and thermoacidophiles. Chemolithotrophic growth could be dramatically fast, such as Thiomicrospira crunogena with adoubling time around one hour. In chemolithotrophs, the compounds - the electron donors - are oxidized in the cell, and the ...
Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut`s Class Session 11
... Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut’s Class Session 11- 02/23/2015 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitocho ...
... Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut’s Class Session 11- 02/23/2015 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitocho ...
Answers
... Redox reaction: The movement of electrons from one molecule to another…short for “oxidation-reduction”. ...
... Redox reaction: The movement of electrons from one molecule to another…short for “oxidation-reduction”. ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration Notes
... 1. Where does photosynthesis occur? 2. When is photosynthesis most likely to occur? ...
... 1. Where does photosynthesis occur? 2. When is photosynthesis most likely to occur? ...
Light RXNS: 1. What is the key event that starts off light reactions? 2.
... 3. Where do the electrons come from that are transported down the electron transport chain? 4. [Calculate] How many protons are pumped into the intermembrane space from the catabolism of one glucose molecule ...
... 3. Where do the electrons come from that are transported down the electron transport chain? 4. [Calculate] How many protons are pumped into the intermembrane space from the catabolism of one glucose molecule ...
Chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitors
... (2) Aerobic oxidation of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle (3) Oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids ...
... (2) Aerobic oxidation of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle (3) Oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids ...
Document
... Overview of glycolysis plus the citric acid cycle plus transfer of energy from reduced carriers (NADH, FADH2) to ATP via the electron transport system, which involves a series of proteins that can carry out the energy transfer reactions. Note the role of atmospheric oxygen in this! ...
... Overview of glycolysis plus the citric acid cycle plus transfer of energy from reduced carriers (NADH, FADH2) to ATP via the electron transport system, which involves a series of proteins that can carry out the energy transfer reactions. Note the role of atmospheric oxygen in this! ...
Name - straubel
... 4. How many steps are involved in the entire cycle? _____ 5. How many CO2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? _____ per glucose? _____ 6. How many NADH2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? ______ 7. How many FADH2 molecules are produced per glucose? _______ 8. How many ATP are produced per glucose ...
... 4. How many steps are involved in the entire cycle? _____ 5. How many CO2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? _____ per glucose? _____ 6. How many NADH2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? ______ 7. How many FADH2 molecules are produced per glucose? _______ 8. How many ATP are produced per glucose ...
Are You suprised ?
... protons are pumped from the inner membrane space into the matrix. The inner membrane is folded into cristae. The outer membrane is permeable to protons. The respiratory enzymes complexes are located in its inner membrane. ...
... protons are pumped from the inner membrane space into the matrix. The inner membrane is folded into cristae. The outer membrane is permeable to protons. The respiratory enzymes complexes are located in its inner membrane. ...
BIO 219 Spring 2013 Outline for “Cell Metabolism” Energy (ATP
... Where do we get it? Why do we need it? Types of cell metabolism Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration Glucose metabolism 4 steps of cellular respiration (aerobic) Glycolysis (cytoplasm) Energy investment phase & energy-yielding phase Net yield Pyruvate metabolism (mitochondria) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA ...
... Where do we get it? Why do we need it? Types of cell metabolism Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration Glucose metabolism 4 steps of cellular respiration (aerobic) Glycolysis (cytoplasm) Energy investment phase & energy-yielding phase Net yield Pyruvate metabolism (mitochondria) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA ...
11 catabolism
... • the most widely accepted hypothesis to explain oxidative phosphorylation – electron transport chain organized so protons move outward from the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are transported down the chain – proton expulsion during electron transport results in the formation of a concentration g ...
... • the most widely accepted hypothesis to explain oxidative phosphorylation – electron transport chain organized so protons move outward from the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are transported down the chain – proton expulsion during electron transport results in the formation of a concentration g ...
Chapter 6: Metabolism of Microorganisms
... • Fatty acids are broken down through beta oxidation • Anaerobic Respiration Produces ATP Using Other Final Electron Acceptors • In anaerobic respiration, anaerobes use molecules other than oxygen as the final electron receptor in the electron transport chain • Anaerobic respiration produces less AT ...
... • Fatty acids are broken down through beta oxidation • Anaerobic Respiration Produces ATP Using Other Final Electron Acceptors • In anaerobic respiration, anaerobes use molecules other than oxygen as the final electron receptor in the electron transport chain • Anaerobic respiration produces less AT ...
REVIEW FOR TEST 3: ENERGETICS
... Where in the cell does chemiosmosis occur? Compare in chloroplast with mitochondrion. Is more energy is made through substrate-level or chemiosmosis? 3. cellular respiration: a. know the balanced equation b. know the stages and the location of where they take place c. for glycolysis, oxidation of py ...
... Where in the cell does chemiosmosis occur? Compare in chloroplast with mitochondrion. Is more energy is made through substrate-level or chemiosmosis? 3. cellular respiration: a. know the balanced equation b. know the stages and the location of where they take place c. for glycolysis, oxidation of py ...
Bacterial Metabolism and Growth
... – All NADH molecules formed in the previous steps bring the electrons they have gained to the electron ...
... – All NADH molecules formed in the previous steps bring the electrons they have gained to the electron ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation Goal: ATP Synthesis
... • 10 protons shuttled from matrix to intermembrane space • Makes pH gradient and ion gradient ...
... • 10 protons shuttled from matrix to intermembrane space • Makes pH gradient and ion gradient ...
ch 9 Cellular_Respiration
... • NAD+ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme that transports electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain to make ATP • NAD+ is reduced (electrons are added) to NADH + H+ using the enzyme dehydrogenase (2 electrons and 2 protons, but one proton is released) ...
... • NAD+ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme that transports electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain to make ATP • NAD+ is reduced (electrons are added) to NADH + H+ using the enzyme dehydrogenase (2 electrons and 2 protons, but one proton is released) ...
Metabolism
... E.C. 2: transferases: transfer of functional groups (e.g. phosphate) between molecules. E.C. 3: hydrolases: splitting a molecule by adding water to a bond. E.C. 4: lyases: non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from a molecule E.C. 5: isomerases: rearrangements of atoms within a molecule E.C. ...
... E.C. 2: transferases: transfer of functional groups (e.g. phosphate) between molecules. E.C. 3: hydrolases: splitting a molecule by adding water to a bond. E.C. 4: lyases: non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from a molecule E.C. 5: isomerases: rearrangements of atoms within a molecule E.C. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.