Lactic Acid and Energy from Fats and Proteins
... Lactate is transported (by blood) to the liver and converted back to glucose It is then converted into glycogen so that it can be used for energy ...
... Lactate is transported (by blood) to the liver and converted back to glucose It is then converted into glycogen so that it can be used for energy ...
Sample exam 1
... Sample mid-quarter exam 1 (Gluconeogenesis, lipids, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport) Multiple choice: Please cite the page number of the text (if you used it) where you found evidence for your choice. 1. The enzyme that acts on ketone bodies to convert them into a form that can be broken d ...
... Sample mid-quarter exam 1 (Gluconeogenesis, lipids, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport) Multiple choice: Please cite the page number of the text (if you used it) where you found evidence for your choice. 1. The enzyme that acts on ketone bodies to convert them into a form that can be broken d ...
Document
... (A) The brain prefers glucose as an energy source, but can use ketone bodies. (B) Muscle cannot use fatty acids as an energy source. (C) In a well-fed human, about equal amounts of energy are stored as glycogen and as triacylglycerol. (D) Fatty acids cannot be used as an energy source in humans beca ...
... (A) The brain prefers glucose as an energy source, but can use ketone bodies. (B) Muscle cannot use fatty acids as an energy source. (C) In a well-fed human, about equal amounts of energy are stored as glycogen and as triacylglycerol. (D) Fatty acids cannot be used as an energy source in humans beca ...
Completed Note
... Energy storage & insulation Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated (only single bonds) & unsaturated (≥1 double bond) Phospholipids Form cell membrane Glycerol, 2 fatty acids + phosphate group Amphipathic Steroids Hormone signaling, cell response, growth 4 carbon rings with functiona ...
... Energy storage & insulation Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated (only single bonds) & unsaturated (≥1 double bond) Phospholipids Form cell membrane Glycerol, 2 fatty acids + phosphate group Amphipathic Steroids Hormone signaling, cell response, growth 4 carbon rings with functiona ...
SPOR08023 2015 May
... The lipoprotein that normally carries between 60% and 80% of the total serum cholesterol and has the greatest affinity for cells of the arterial wall is called ____________. a) ...
... The lipoprotein that normally carries between 60% and 80% of the total serum cholesterol and has the greatest affinity for cells of the arterial wall is called ____________. a) ...
Study guide for Midterm 3.
... 2. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA, produced by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the mitochondrion, is transferred to the cytosol by the acetyl group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. ...
... 2. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA, produced by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the mitochondrion, is transferred to the cytosol by the acetyl group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. ...
Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions
... 3. Which of the following can be formed from acetyl CoA molecules? 4. The series of reactions involving the conversion of glucose to pyruvate is known as 5. An aerobic reaction is one that requires 6. When a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue and a burning pain ...
... 3. Which of the following can be formed from acetyl CoA molecules? 4. The series of reactions involving the conversion of glucose to pyruvate is known as 5. An aerobic reaction is one that requires 6. When a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue and a burning pain ...
Brain Needs in Different Metabolic states
... through the blood brain barrier. • Most of the glucose is metabolized to pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria of neurons and glia and is converted to acetyl-CoA before entering the TCA cycle. • Only about 13% of glycolytic pyruvate is converted to lactate under ...
... through the blood brain barrier. • Most of the glucose is metabolized to pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria of neurons and glia and is converted to acetyl-CoA before entering the TCA cycle. • Only about 13% of glycolytic pyruvate is converted to lactate under ...
Sydney Newsom - Center for Undergraduate Research
... Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the deregulation of multiple pathways driving tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to treatments. Cancer cells produce energy through a process termed the Warburg Effect, where after glycolysis, which coverts glucose into pyruvate and produces energy in ...
... Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the deregulation of multiple pathways driving tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to treatments. Cancer cells produce energy through a process termed the Warburg Effect, where after glycolysis, which coverts glucose into pyruvate and produces energy in ...
Control of Blood Glucose
... glucagon all increase blood glucose Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood glucose ...
... glucagon all increase blood glucose Insulin is the only hormone that decreases blood glucose ...
Document
... Gluconeogenesis Mainly occurs in cytosol Some precursors are produced in mitochondria Takes place in liver and kidney Synthesis of glucose or glycogen from non carbohydrates like pyruvate, lactate glucogenic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid Pathway involves steps of TCA cycle and revers ...
... Gluconeogenesis Mainly occurs in cytosol Some precursors are produced in mitochondria Takes place in liver and kidney Synthesis of glucose or glycogen from non carbohydrates like pyruvate, lactate glucogenic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid Pathway involves steps of TCA cycle and revers ...
Ketone ester effects on metabolism and
... Treatment of cells with Dβhydroxybutyrate increases histone acetylation at the FOX3A and MT2 promoters, thus increasing the transcription of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and metallothio nein (14), thus adding to the removal of reactive O2 species brought about by ...
... Treatment of cells with Dβhydroxybutyrate increases histone acetylation at the FOX3A and MT2 promoters, thus increasing the transcription of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and metallothio nein (14), thus adding to the removal of reactive O2 species brought about by ...
Nutrition and Metabolism
... is stimulated by catecholamines (adrenaline and norad) and inhibited by insulin. Fatty acids are used as metabolic fuel by peripheral tissues including skeletal muscle and myocardium. Fatty acids are oxidised in the mitochondria by beta oxidation which results in the formation of acteyl CoA. This ma ...
... is stimulated by catecholamines (adrenaline and norad) and inhibited by insulin. Fatty acids are used as metabolic fuel by peripheral tissues including skeletal muscle and myocardium. Fatty acids are oxidised in the mitochondria by beta oxidation which results in the formation of acteyl CoA. This ma ...
Ch.24Pt.5_000
... One Acetyl CoA forms at each turn, & two Acetyl CoA form at last step. These are processed in Krebs cycle, E.T.C. and ...
... One Acetyl CoA forms at each turn, & two Acetyl CoA form at last step. These are processed in Krebs cycle, E.T.C. and ...
BHS 150.2 Biochemistry Date: 02/08/13, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel
... levels of insulin. Insulin activates a phosphatase, which removes a phosphate group. Activates things to store glucose. Pyruvate kinase is important to convert it to acetyl coA. *Remember that adding/removing phosphate only changes activity level of enzymes. Think logically. *See table at end of hom ...
... levels of insulin. Insulin activates a phosphatase, which removes a phosphate group. Activates things to store glucose. Pyruvate kinase is important to convert it to acetyl coA. *Remember that adding/removing phosphate only changes activity level of enzymes. Think logically. *See table at end of hom ...
Fall `94
... like carbohydrates. The most common amino acid is alanine; if it is transaminated, what product remains? __________________. How much energy, in integral ATP units, can be gained by oxidizing this product all the way to carbon dioxide and water? ______________. (SHOW WORK and STATE ASSUMPTIONS) ...
... like carbohydrates. The most common amino acid is alanine; if it is transaminated, what product remains? __________________. How much energy, in integral ATP units, can be gained by oxidizing this product all the way to carbon dioxide and water? ______________. (SHOW WORK and STATE ASSUMPTIONS) ...
Ketone Bodies, Potential Therapeutic Uses
... Ketosis, meaning elevation of D -¯-hydroxybutyrate (R-3hydroxybutyrate) and acetoacetate, has been central to starving man’s survival by providing nonglucose substrate to his evolutionarily hypertrophied brain, sparing muscle from destruction for glucose synthesis. Surprisingly, D -¯-hydroxybutyrate ...
... Ketosis, meaning elevation of D -¯-hydroxybutyrate (R-3hydroxybutyrate) and acetoacetate, has been central to starving man’s survival by providing nonglucose substrate to his evolutionarily hypertrophied brain, sparing muscle from destruction for glucose synthesis. Surprisingly, D -¯-hydroxybutyrate ...
Integration of Metabolism
... acetyl CoA production Ketone body formation is an “overflow” pathway for acetyl CoA use If OAA is not present, then acetyl CoA does not go through TCA cycle and will be converted to ketones ...
... acetyl CoA production Ketone body formation is an “overflow” pathway for acetyl CoA use If OAA is not present, then acetyl CoA does not go through TCA cycle and will be converted to ketones ...
Metabolic Characteristics of the Major Organs and Tissues
... The cells in adipose tissue are called adipocytes. A 70 kg human male is about 17% triacylglycerol, stored in adipose tissue. This represents 110,000 kcal of stored energy, or enough to sustain life for a few months. When chylomicrons from the intestines reach adipocytes, lipoprotein lipase on the a ...
... The cells in adipose tissue are called adipocytes. A 70 kg human male is about 17% triacylglycerol, stored in adipose tissue. This represents 110,000 kcal of stored energy, or enough to sustain life for a few months. When chylomicrons from the intestines reach adipocytes, lipoprotein lipase on the a ...
File
... Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Can occur in the cytoplasm of most animal cells, but the liver is the major site for this process Fatty acids are synthesized when the diet is low in fat or high in carbohydrate or protein (most from glucose via pyruvate) A large quantity of NADPH is needed for this process a ...
... Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Can occur in the cytoplasm of most animal cells, but the liver is the major site for this process Fatty acids are synthesized when the diet is low in fat or high in carbohydrate or protein (most from glucose via pyruvate) A large quantity of NADPH is needed for this process a ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.