Metabolism
... • Vitamins A, D, E, and K: – are absorbed primarily from the digestive tract along with lipids of micelles – normally diffuse into cell membranes and lipids in liver and adipose tissue ...
... • Vitamins A, D, E, and K: – are absorbed primarily from the digestive tract along with lipids of micelles – normally diffuse into cell membranes and lipids in liver and adipose tissue ...
6.1 Cellular respiration
... Complex compounds are broken down to release energy, but are not completely broken down. Glucose ...
... Complex compounds are broken down to release energy, but are not completely broken down. Glucose ...
Uncoupling Proteins Cellular Metabolism Cellular Metabolism
... G-6-P can be used either for 7A- liver glycogenesis or 7B- can be converted to free glucose and released into the bloodstream. ...
... G-6-P can be used either for 7A- liver glycogenesis or 7B- can be converted to free glucose and released into the bloodstream. ...
Organic compounds Carbon compounds are also called organic
... very large and made up of smaller building blocks or sub-units. Four groups of organic molecules that are related to the survival of living things are; carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. They a ...
... very large and made up of smaller building blocks or sub-units. Four groups of organic molecules that are related to the survival of living things are; carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. They a ...
Chapter 8 Summary
... energy supplied by the breakdown of stored energy reserves, especially glycogen. As the body enters acute starvation, defined as the first five days after the postabsorptive state, the body begins to rely more on the mobilization of adipose reserves for ATP production, while producing sufficient glu ...
... energy supplied by the breakdown of stored energy reserves, especially glycogen. As the body enters acute starvation, defined as the first five days after the postabsorptive state, the body begins to rely more on the mobilization of adipose reserves for ATP production, while producing sufficient glu ...
Study Guide Questions Midterm 2
... 12. Explain how fat is digested. Name enzymes, organs (from mouth to small intestine). 13. How is fat absorbed? Which vehicles does it use? How are lipids transported in our body? 14. What are ...
... 12. Explain how fat is digested. Name enzymes, organs (from mouth to small intestine). 13. How is fat absorbed? Which vehicles does it use? How are lipids transported in our body? 14. What are ...
General clinical situations
... • Free fatty acids + 3-hydroxybutyrate (serum or plasma); ketones (test strip). A marked elevation of free fatty acids indicates active lipolysis and that the hypoglycaemia is associated with a fasting reaction. In this situation, “normal” (low) values of plasma ketones (3-hydroxybutyrate is suffi ...
... • Free fatty acids + 3-hydroxybutyrate (serum or plasma); ketones (test strip). A marked elevation of free fatty acids indicates active lipolysis and that the hypoglycaemia is associated with a fasting reaction. In this situation, “normal” (low) values of plasma ketones (3-hydroxybutyrate is suffi ...
Lecture: Fasting and gene expression, Part 1
... Energy deprivation: carbon flow toward glucose, to maintain blood sugar at 80 mg/dL. ...
... Energy deprivation: carbon flow toward glucose, to maintain blood sugar at 80 mg/dL. ...
DB QS
... The First Phase of Starvation During the first stage of starvation, blood glucose levels are maintained through the production of glucose from proteins, glycogen and fats. At first, glycogen is broken down into glucose. Only enough glycogen; however, is stored in the person's liver to last a few hou ...
... The First Phase of Starvation During the first stage of starvation, blood glucose levels are maintained through the production of glucose from proteins, glycogen and fats. At first, glycogen is broken down into glucose. Only enough glycogen; however, is stored in the person's liver to last a few hou ...
L01_2002
... Examples of exams from previous years are also available on the 2001 web site for ABio366. Please note, however, that the format for the exams this year ...
... Examples of exams from previous years are also available on the 2001 web site for ABio366. Please note, however, that the format for the exams this year ...
Chapter 14 Nutrition Nutrients A nutrient is a component of food that
... o In the mitochondria, the molecules are converted to CO2 with the release of energy to form ATP o Krebs cycle, ETC, and chemiosmosis Glucose in the body o Most of the carbohydrates we consume are broken down to glucose which is then broken down to produce ATP o Some glucose is stored in the form of ...
... o In the mitochondria, the molecules are converted to CO2 with the release of energy to form ATP o Krebs cycle, ETC, and chemiosmosis Glucose in the body o Most of the carbohydrates we consume are broken down to glucose which is then broken down to produce ATP o Some glucose is stored in the form of ...
(i)
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
Macromolecules Vocabulary and Concepts
... o Ring form of glucose comes in two forms: alpha and beta glucose o Starch: polymer of alpha glucose, energy storage in plants, digested by animals o Glycogen: polymer of alpha glucose, energy storage in animals o Cellulose: polymer of beta glucose, structural component of plants, not digested by an ...
... o Ring form of glucose comes in two forms: alpha and beta glucose o Starch: polymer of alpha glucose, energy storage in plants, digested by animals o Glycogen: polymer of alpha glucose, energy storage in animals o Cellulose: polymer of beta glucose, structural component of plants, not digested by an ...
carbs and lipids
... transform glucose into ATP energy. • Most important sugar in our diet • Diabetics lack hormone insulin, which allows glucose to enter into cells to be used in mitochondria. ...
... transform glucose into ATP energy. • Most important sugar in our diet • Diabetics lack hormone insulin, which allows glucose to enter into cells to be used in mitochondria. ...
lect3
... 1) intracellular high energy molecules 2) local stores of fuel macromolecules 3) remote stores of fuel macromolecules ...
... 1) intracellular high energy molecules 2) local stores of fuel macromolecules 3) remote stores of fuel macromolecules ...
fuels and tissues
... Neurons: no glycogen stores, glycogen in glial cells excess carbohydrate not needed for immediate use is stored as glycogen or TAGs FATS stored as TAGs in adipocytes long term fuel reserve (~ 3 months depending on individual fat stores) liver: preferred fuel; synthesis of FA for export in ...
... Neurons: no glycogen stores, glycogen in glial cells excess carbohydrate not needed for immediate use is stored as glycogen or TAGs FATS stored as TAGs in adipocytes long term fuel reserve (~ 3 months depending on individual fat stores) liver: preferred fuel; synthesis of FA for export in ...
glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids
... Fast-twitch muscle fibers have a high capacity for anaerobic glycolysis but are quick to fatigue. They are involved primarily in short-term, high-intensity exercise. Slow-twitch muscle fibers in arm and leg muscles are well vascularized and primarily oxidative. They are used during prolonged, low-to ...
... Fast-twitch muscle fibers have a high capacity for anaerobic glycolysis but are quick to fatigue. They are involved primarily in short-term, high-intensity exercise. Slow-twitch muscle fibers in arm and leg muscles are well vascularized and primarily oxidative. They are used during prolonged, low-to ...
Power Point 2 - G. Holmes Braddock
... converted to glucose and metabolized to provide ATP, while others can be stored as fat. Protein is an important compound in controlling fluid volume and osmolality in the blood and body tissues. This function is a major controlling factor in maintaining water balance. Proteins form enzymes that are ...
... converted to glucose and metabolized to provide ATP, while others can be stored as fat. Protein is an important compound in controlling fluid volume and osmolality in the blood and body tissues. This function is a major controlling factor in maintaining water balance. Proteins form enzymes that are ...
SMU-DDE-Assignments-Scheme of Evaluation PROGRAM Bachelor
... when the rate of formation of ketone bodies is greater than the rate of their use, their levels begin to rise in the bloodketonemia and eventually in the urine- ketonuria. These two conditions are seen most often in cases of uncontrolled, type I diabetes mellitus. In such individuals, high fatty aci ...
... when the rate of formation of ketone bodies is greater than the rate of their use, their levels begin to rise in the bloodketonemia and eventually in the urine- ketonuria. These two conditions are seen most often in cases of uncontrolled, type I diabetes mellitus. In such individuals, high fatty aci ...
Nutrition - Athens Academy
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
Slide 1
... GLUCONEOGENESIS Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from glucogenic precursors which are not of carbohydrate origin (gluconeogenic precursors) It occurs during prolonged fasting to synthesize glucose for tissues requiring continuous supply of glucose as a source of energy: Brain, RBCs, Kidn ...
... GLUCONEOGENESIS Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from glucogenic precursors which are not of carbohydrate origin (gluconeogenic precursors) It occurs during prolonged fasting to synthesize glucose for tissues requiring continuous supply of glucose as a source of energy: Brain, RBCs, Kidn ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 2. Acetyl-CoA that can a) be oxidized by the CAC ATP b) be converted to ketone bodies (alternate fuel source for brain and other tissues) in the liver c) be used for cholesterol biosynthesis d) act as a biosynthetic precursor ...
... 2. Acetyl-CoA that can a) be oxidized by the CAC ATP b) be converted to ketone bodies (alternate fuel source for brain and other tissues) in the liver c) be used for cholesterol biosynthesis d) act as a biosynthetic precursor ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.