3. Related Pathways
... Organisms are able to metabolize nutrients other than carbohydrates during times of starvation Once broken down, these monomers are able to feed into various parts of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle (Fig.1, p.117) ...
... Organisms are able to metabolize nutrients other than carbohydrates during times of starvation Once broken down, these monomers are able to feed into various parts of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle (Fig.1, p.117) ...
The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but
... The aerobic system, which is dependent on oxygen, is the most complex of the three energy systems. The metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen are responsible for most of the cellular energy produced by the body. However, aerobic metabolism is the slowest way to resynthesize AT ...
... The aerobic system, which is dependent on oxygen, is the most complex of the three energy systems. The metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen are responsible for most of the cellular energy produced by the body. However, aerobic metabolism is the slowest way to resynthesize AT ...
Summary for Chapter 7 – Metabolism: Transformations
... lactate anaerobically or to acetyl CoA aerobically. Once the commitment to acetyl CoA is made, glucose is not retrievable; acetyl CoA cannot go back to glucose. Figure 7-9 summarizes the breakdown of glucose. The body can convert the small glycerol portion of a triglyceride to either pyruvate (and t ...
... lactate anaerobically or to acetyl CoA aerobically. Once the commitment to acetyl CoA is made, glucose is not retrievable; acetyl CoA cannot go back to glucose. Figure 7-9 summarizes the breakdown of glucose. The body can convert the small glycerol portion of a triglyceride to either pyruvate (and t ...
Substrate Breakdown
... During prolonged exercise, gluconeogenesis is very important compensates for the decreasing hepatic glycogen stores in turn, attenuates the lowering of blood glucose concentrations ...
... During prolonged exercise, gluconeogenesis is very important compensates for the decreasing hepatic glycogen stores in turn, attenuates the lowering of blood glucose concentrations ...
Exam I will be on lectures 1 to 6 (Introduction to )
... Which of the following characteristically form bilayers? a. Steroids b. Monosaccharides. c. Phospholipids d. Cellulose molecules e. Secondary metabolites How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins? a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50 e. 100 Morphogenesis refers to: a. an irreversible incr ...
... Which of the following characteristically form bilayers? a. Steroids b. Monosaccharides. c. Phospholipids d. Cellulose molecules e. Secondary metabolites How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins? a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50 e. 100 Morphogenesis refers to: a. an irreversible incr ...
Chapter 25
... • Gluconeogenesis: synthesis (in liver) of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors like – lactic acid – glycerol – amino acids ...
... • Gluconeogenesis: synthesis (in liver) of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors like – lactic acid – glycerol – amino acids ...
Chapter 24 Metabolism
... • TCA cycle – 3 carbon pyruvate is adapted into 2 carbon acetyl CoA (probably the most important, most central molecule in metabolism) – Acetyl CoA is conveted into carbon dioxide and the energy is captured in an intermediate called NADH ...
... • TCA cycle – 3 carbon pyruvate is adapted into 2 carbon acetyl CoA (probably the most important, most central molecule in metabolism) – Acetyl CoA is conveted into carbon dioxide and the energy is captured in an intermediate called NADH ...
Biological_Molecules worksheet - answers
... 3. Why are proteins such an important biological molecule? It is used for growth and repair, to make new cells. Humans must obtain nine essential amino acids through their food because our bodies are not capable of manufacturing them. A missing amino acid restricts the protein synthesis and may lead ...
... 3. Why are proteins such an important biological molecule? It is used for growth and repair, to make new cells. Humans must obtain nine essential amino acids through their food because our bodies are not capable of manufacturing them. A missing amino acid restricts the protein synthesis and may lead ...
Carbohydrates - Student Health Force
... and potatoes) , dry beans, and milk. Non starchy vegetables also contain carbohydrates, but they are not a big source of energy (calories) because the carbohydrates are in the form of fiber. ...
... and potatoes) , dry beans, and milk. Non starchy vegetables also contain carbohydrates, but they are not a big source of energy (calories) because the carbohydrates are in the form of fiber. ...
Fed State Insulin Insulin Fasted State/ Starvation
... Fructose 6-phosphate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase ...
... Fructose 6-phosphate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Insulin and exercise • Insulin falls during exercise - likely due to rise in epinephrine (both changes result in increased HGP) • With aerobic training – Decreased release of glucagon and catecholamines and an reduction in the fall in insulin at a given relative intensity – Fig 9-7 ...
... Insulin and exercise • Insulin falls during exercise - likely due to rise in epinephrine (both changes result in increased HGP) • With aerobic training – Decreased release of glucagon and catecholamines and an reduction in the fall in insulin at a given relative intensity – Fig 9-7 ...
Rearrange the sentences into the correct sequence
... to glucose so that more glucose enters cells (e.g. muscle cells, but not liver cells) ...
... to glucose so that more glucose enters cells (e.g. muscle cells, but not liver cells) ...
Liver Function - Wk 1-2
... acids are oxidized for energy or converted to fat for future energy needs. Before amino acids can be oxidized for energy, they must be deaminated, that is, their amine group (NH2) must be removed. The resulting molecule is then converted to pyruvic acid or to one of the keto acid intermediates in th ...
... acids are oxidized for energy or converted to fat for future energy needs. Before amino acids can be oxidized for energy, they must be deaminated, that is, their amine group (NH2) must be removed. The resulting molecule is then converted to pyruvic acid or to one of the keto acid intermediates in th ...
Lipid Metabolizması - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... In this part of discussion we will mainly focus of the digestion, transport and catabolism of triglycerides. Although other lipids like cholesterol, sphingolipids are important too but they will not be covered in this course. Sources of Fat available for oxidation: 1. Dietary fat, 2. Excess dietary ...
... In this part of discussion we will mainly focus of the digestion, transport and catabolism of triglycerides. Although other lipids like cholesterol, sphingolipids are important too but they will not be covered in this course. Sources of Fat available for oxidation: 1. Dietary fat, 2. Excess dietary ...
Carbohydrates (CHO)
... • Based on ingestion of food containing 50g CHO with reference food (usually 50g glucose or white bread) • Measure area under glucose curve over 2-hr period GI = area under curve for test food area under curve for ref food x 100 ...
... • Based on ingestion of food containing 50g CHO with reference food (usually 50g glucose or white bread) • Measure area under glucose curve over 2-hr period GI = area under curve for test food area under curve for ref food x 100 ...
Glucose
... The body regulates macro nutrient levels to provide adequate fuel for body tissues. The brain uses the most of the approximately 200 g of glucose required per day. "When blood glucose level falls to less than 40 mg/ dL, counterregulatory hormones release macronutrients from stores. "When blood gluco ...
... The body regulates macro nutrient levels to provide adequate fuel for body tissues. The brain uses the most of the approximately 200 g of glucose required per day. "When blood glucose level falls to less than 40 mg/ dL, counterregulatory hormones release macronutrients from stores. "When blood gluco ...
Macromolecule Notes
... Macromolecule Notes Macromolecules: Proteins, Lipids, Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates) and Nucleic Acids Monomer: single building block for a macromolecule Proteins (polypeptides) Monomer: amino acid (a.a.) Compound in your body with nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen 20 essential amino acid ...
... Macromolecule Notes Macromolecules: Proteins, Lipids, Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates) and Nucleic Acids Monomer: single building block for a macromolecule Proteins (polypeptides) Monomer: amino acid (a.a.) Compound in your body with nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen 20 essential amino acid ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.