1 - Wk 1-2
... in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). However, if the amounts of acetyl-CoA generated in fatty-acid β-oxidation challenge the processing capacity of the TCA cycle (as will result from an over supply of FA from excessive lipolysis) or if activity in the TCA cycle is low due to low amounts of intermed ...
... in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). However, if the amounts of acetyl-CoA generated in fatty-acid β-oxidation challenge the processing capacity of the TCA cycle (as will result from an over supply of FA from excessive lipolysis) or if activity in the TCA cycle is low due to low amounts of intermed ...
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) regulate receptor function
... 3. The refed state begins with the ingestion of a meal. Fatty acids are processed normally. However, the liver does not initially absorb glucose, leaving this fuel in the blood for use by other tissues. The liver remains in the gluconeogenic mode in order to replenish its own glycogen store. As glu ...
... 3. The refed state begins with the ingestion of a meal. Fatty acids are processed normally. However, the liver does not initially absorb glucose, leaving this fuel in the blood for use by other tissues. The liver remains in the gluconeogenic mode in order to replenish its own glycogen store. As glu ...
physiology – metabolism
... E. All of the above 14. Excretion of the following substance does NOT reduce in starvation: A. Urea B. Uric acid C. Creatinine D. Etheral sulfate E. All of the above 15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by: A. Ketosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Glycogen depletion D. Protein cata ...
... E. All of the above 14. Excretion of the following substance does NOT reduce in starvation: A. Urea B. Uric acid C. Creatinine D. Etheral sulfate E. All of the above 15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by: A. Ketosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Glycogen depletion D. Protein cata ...
7. Metabolism
... a. Oxygen is not available or cells lack sufficient mitochondria b. Lactate is formed when hydrogen is added to pyruvate. c. Liver cells recycle muscle lactic acid through the Cori cycle. 4. Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA is irreversible. 5. Acetyl CoA’s Options a. Synthesize fats when the body has enough A ...
... a. Oxygen is not available or cells lack sufficient mitochondria b. Lactate is formed when hydrogen is added to pyruvate. c. Liver cells recycle muscle lactic acid through the Cori cycle. 4. Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA is irreversible. 5. Acetyl CoA’s Options a. Synthesize fats when the body has enough A ...
File
... glucagon is released. This results in the conversion of glycogen to glucose and release into blood ...
... glucagon is released. This results in the conversion of glycogen to glucose and release into blood ...
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism:
... by release of glucose from the liver (glycogen) • As we run out of glycogen we maintain the blood glucose level by making glucose from amino acids (protein) and other compounds • The energy to make glucose comes from burning fatty acids, which also generates ketones that are used as an alternative ...
... by release of glucose from the liver (glycogen) • As we run out of glycogen we maintain the blood glucose level by making glucose from amino acids (protein) and other compounds • The energy to make glucose comes from burning fatty acids, which also generates ketones that are used as an alternative ...
Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa
... Taking a meaningful nutritional history: RECORD: time consuming but accurate log of all consumed foods/drinks; depends on compliance. Most useful if run over longer periods 24 hr RECALL: quick, provides a snapshot of intake- how good is the patients memory? Diet History: for long-term accustomed foo ...
... Taking a meaningful nutritional history: RECORD: time consuming but accurate log of all consumed foods/drinks; depends on compliance. Most useful if run over longer periods 24 hr RECALL: quick, provides a snapshot of intake- how good is the patients memory? Diet History: for long-term accustomed foo ...
Fatty Acid Degradation Catabolism Overview TAG and FA
... from citric acid cycle • Prosthetic FAD/FADH2 • High energy electrons passed on to QH2 ...
... from citric acid cycle • Prosthetic FAD/FADH2 • High energy electrons passed on to QH2 ...
CHAPTER-III CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose, glucose, and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form f ...
... example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose, glucose, and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form f ...
Document
... two-carbon acyl compound requires a pathway as complex as the citric acid cycle. In order to verify the metabolic pathways you have been learning about, you conduct an experiment using a sample of glucose radioactively labeled with 14C at C-1. If the information you have learned is correct, in which ...
... two-carbon acyl compound requires a pathway as complex as the citric acid cycle. In order to verify the metabolic pathways you have been learning about, you conduct an experiment using a sample of glucose radioactively labeled with 14C at C-1. If the information you have learned is correct, in which ...
Nutrition - Southwest High School
... Insulin controls the amount of sugar from digested foods circulating in your bloodstream, and allows cells to use the sugar for fuel or be stored for future needs. Watch the animation to learn the basics about insulin. http://www.sharecare.com/question/role-insulin-in-body Insulin is Part of a Balan ...
... Insulin controls the amount of sugar from digested foods circulating in your bloodstream, and allows cells to use the sugar for fuel or be stored for future needs. Watch the animation to learn the basics about insulin. http://www.sharecare.com/question/role-insulin-in-body Insulin is Part of a Balan ...
glycogen
... This molecule is a homopolymer of glucose in a-(1,4) linkage; it is also highly branched, with a-(1,6) branch linkages occurring every 8-10 residues. ...
... This molecule is a homopolymer of glucose in a-(1,4) linkage; it is also highly branched, with a-(1,6) branch linkages occurring every 8-10 residues. ...
b-oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... • Some of the acetyl-CoA produced by fatty acid oxidation in liver mitochondria is converted to acetone, acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate • These are called "ketone bodies" • Source of fuel for brain, heart and muscle • Major energy source for brain during starvation • They are transportable forms ...
... • Some of the acetyl-CoA produced by fatty acid oxidation in liver mitochondria is converted to acetone, acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate • These are called "ketone bodies" • Source of fuel for brain, heart and muscle • Major energy source for brain during starvation • They are transportable forms ...
Biochemistry Objectives 43
... Cortisol: low levels are maintained during the well-fed state due to the abundance of exogenous glucose; however, during the late post-absorptive state and early starvation, where protein catabolism for gluconeogenesis is necessary, cortisol synthesis and release is stimulated. Cortisol levels drop ...
... Cortisol: low levels are maintained during the well-fed state due to the abundance of exogenous glucose; however, during the late post-absorptive state and early starvation, where protein catabolism for gluconeogenesis is necessary, cortisol synthesis and release is stimulated. Cortisol levels drop ...
Slide 1
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
Week 4 met 2 kin 310
... 1. Describe the activation and translocation of free fatty acids into skeletal muscle that is required prior to metabolism as fuel. (do not include the regulation of translocation in your answer). 2. Describe the mobilization, circulation and uptake of free fatty acids during exercise. Why do resear ...
... 1. Describe the activation and translocation of free fatty acids into skeletal muscle that is required prior to metabolism as fuel. (do not include the regulation of translocation in your answer). 2. Describe the mobilization, circulation and uptake of free fatty acids during exercise. Why do resear ...
as PDF - Nutrient Reference Values
... effect of maternal diabetes and intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr Res 1975;31:52–8. Sokoloff L. Metabolism of ketone bodies by the brain. Ann Rev Med 1973;24:271–80. Sunehag AL, Haymond MW, Schanler RJ, Reeds PJ, Bier DM. Gluconeogenesis in very low birth weight ...
... effect of maternal diabetes and intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr Res 1975;31:52–8. Sokoloff L. Metabolism of ketone bodies by the brain. Ann Rev Med 1973;24:271–80. Sunehag AL, Haymond MW, Schanler RJ, Reeds PJ, Bier DM. Gluconeogenesis in very low birth weight ...
Overview of Absorptive/Post-Absorptive States
... stores (glycogenolysis) into glucose in response to the rising levels of glucagon (released by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets) and epinephrine, thus beginning the post-‐absorptive state (step “1” in Fi ...
... stores (glycogenolysis) into glucose in response to the rising levels of glucagon (released by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets) and epinephrine, thus beginning the post-‐absorptive state (step “1” in Fi ...
Chapter 10 Notes
... forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an acidic environment, enzymes break down protein Small Intestine: digestion is completed and absorption into blood occurs Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars (glucose) ...
... forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an acidic environment, enzymes break down protein Small Intestine: digestion is completed and absorption into blood occurs Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars (glucose) ...
Bio302 Biochemistry II
... markedly in their activities: an inactive protomer to an active filamentous polymer. Citrate and isocitrate bind to the filamentous form, and palmitoyl-CoA binds preferentially to the protomer. Explain how this property is consistent with the regulatory role of acetyl-coA carboxylase in the biosynth ...
... markedly in their activities: an inactive protomer to an active filamentous polymer. Citrate and isocitrate bind to the filamentous form, and palmitoyl-CoA binds preferentially to the protomer. Explain how this property is consistent with the regulatory role of acetyl-coA carboxylase in the biosynth ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.