Download Genetics Objectives/keywords

GENETICS: MENDELIAN GENETICS AND PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
Genes allow for the storage and transmission of genetic information. They are a set of instructions encoded in the nucleotide sequence of each organism. Genes code for the specific
sequences of amino acids that comprise the proteins that are characteristic of that organism.
MA Standard 3.4 Distinguish among observed inheritance patterns caused by several types of genetic traits
(dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, incomplete dominance,
multiple alleles).
MA Standard 3.5 Describe how Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment can be observed through patterns of inheritance (e.g., dihybrid crosses).
MA Standard 3.6 Use a Punnett Square to determine the probabilities for genotype and phenotype combinations in monohybrid crosses.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. How are traits passed on from parent to offspring?
2. How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
3. How can we use Punnett squares to predict genetic outcomes?
4. How can we use Mendel’s laws and Punnett squares to make assumptions of our own genotypes and phenotypes?
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES:
Students will be able to:
 Describe the steps involved in Mendel’s experiments on garden peas.
 Define, differentiate and give examples of the following terms:
o Allele/gene
o Incomplete dominance/codominance
o Heterozygous/homozygous
o Phenotype/genotype
 Distinguish between dominant and recessive traits.
 State the laws of heredity that were developed from Mendel’s work.
 Describe how Mendel’s results can be explained by scientific knowledge of genes and chromosomes.
 Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
 Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses.
 Explain how a testcross is used to show the genotype of an individual whose phenotype is dominant.
 Explain how Mendel’s laws can be demonstrated with Punnett squares
MENDELIAN CLASSICAL GENETICS KEYWORDS:
1.
4.
7.
10.
13.
16.
19.
22.
allele
dihybrid
genetics
homozygous
independent assortment
phenotype
recessive
trait
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.
20.
23.
codominance
fertilization
genotype
hybrid
monohybrid
probability
self pollination
true-breeding
3.
6.
9.
12.
15.
18.
21.
24.
cross pollination
gene
heterozygous
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
Punnett square
segregation
polygenic